1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trWzDlRvv1M But first, a review Nepenthes, a pitcher plant in the Caryophillid group

2. Rosids I Crassulaceae Grossulariaceae Onagraceae Euphorbiaceae

3. Rosids in general Somewhat weakly supported Hypanthium in a lot of groups 18 orders 114 families 58,000 species Over 1/3 of all dicots Mostly apopetalous “separate petals” Diverse group Two major clades

4. Rosids I Very popular group in CO Economically important, many fruits We will study 14 families in this group Today, only four: –Crassulaceae –Grossulariaceae –Onagraceae –Euphorbiaceae

5. Crassulaceae Stone crop family Most are SMALL SUCCULENTS Regular, bisexual flowers 1 or 2 times as many stamen as pistils 3 or more simple pistils 4 or 5 sepals Sedum is a common species in Colorado Family where Crassulacean Acid Metabolism was first described http://www.crassulaceae.com/

6. CAM Special metabolic pathway that helps plants live in hot, arid habitats Stomata open during the night to let in CO 2 The CO 2 is fixed into an acid That acid then releases C into the Krebs cycle during the day when light is present Stomata are closed during the day

7. CAM at night

8. CAM during the day

9. Sedum lanceolatum - Stonecrop

10. Clementsia rhodantha – Queen’s Crown

11. Sedum rosea or Rhodiola integrifolia – King’s crown

12. Grossulariaceae Gooseberry family Includes currants Mostly shrubs with palmate leaves Shiny berries with attached sepals Regular bisexual flowers, but small (1/4 in) Five united sepals Five separate petals Five stamen Inferior or superior ovary Only ONE genus!!! – Ribes arguably Grossularia Ecologically important

13. Ribes cereum – wax currant

14. Ribes cereum in fruit

15. Ribes lacustre – Prickly currant

16. Onagraceae Evening primrose family FOUR-LOBED STIGMA Four petals Four sepals Four (or 8) stamen FOUR syncarpous (fused) carpels INFERIOR OVARY Capsule, berry, or drupe Called evening primrose because they generally open in the evening / late afternoon

17. Onagraceae

18. Onagraceae distribution

19. Onagraceae – Four lobed stigma

20. Onagraceae – Note the hypanthium

21. Onagraceae in cross- section

22. Oenothera caespitosa

24. Onagraceae Fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium) Abundant after fires Adapted to fire via underground rhizomes that sprout up after fire Lightweight seeds and many of them After a certain time, other species come up and outcompete it via light interception Worldwide Low resistance to human trampeling

25. Chamerion angustifolium

27. Euphorbiaceae Euphorb family Spurge family MILKY SAP Many are succulent Can lack sepals Can lack petals Carpels 1-20 Superior ovary Fruit is a schizocarpic capsule

28. Euphorbiaceae Convergent evolution Many euphorbs occupy the same niches in Africa that many of our cacti do Euphorbia is the only genus of plants known to have all three metabolic pathways: C3, C4, and CAM

29. Euphorbiaceae

30. Euphorbiaceae - Distribution

31. Euphorbiaceae - Succulent

32. Euphorbiaceae – milky sap

33. Euphorbiaceae - flowers

34. Euphorbiaceae - Cyanthium

35. Poinsettia

36. Cassava or manioc is in this family

37. Roots of Manihot esculenta http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= Qtvhs0O2oJE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= Qtvhs0O2oJE