1. Sexual Reproduction

2. Three kinds of eukaryotic cell reproduction

3. Eukaryotic Life Cycles

4. Mitosis

5. Meiosis

7. Spindle Connections in Cell Divisions

8. Overview of Meiosis

9. Independent Assortment Recombination of genes located on different chromosomes 1/2 time A A B B b b b b B B a a ABABAbAb aBaBabab AAAA aaaa bbbb BBBB Anaphase I Non-homologous pairs of chromosomes orient independently of one another on the metaphase plate of the spindle Below, the relative movement of the A and B chromosomes is illustrated:

10. Crossing-Over Recombination of genes located on the same chromosomes nucleus

11. Meiosis I Bivalent 2 paired homologues (4 chromatids) 5 cross-overs

12. Synaptonemal Complex LE CE R N Dyad 2 Dyads chiasmata chromatid synapsing bivalent

13. Synaptonemal Complex Time Course Synaptonemal Complex

14. Homologous Recombination strand invasion ensures homologous nicks

15. Eukaryotic Life Cycle

16. Syngamy (Fertilization)

17. Syngamy SpermSperm and Egg

18. Sperm, Egg, and Zygote

19. Why did sex evolve?

23. Review of Genetic Changes

24. Summary - Questions

25. Summary - Answers

26. Haploid Mitosis

27. Diploid Mitosis

28. Mitoses

29. Meiosis

30. Syngamy

31. Practice

34. Practice - Questions

35. Practice - Answers