1. Market Revolution I.The Market Revolution A.American Economy, 1800 B.First Industrial Revolution C.Transportation II.The Transformation of Work A.Common labor B.Deskilling C.Manufacturing III.Freedom and Frustration A.The Decline of Servitude B.From Craftsman to Laborer C.Community under Pressure IV.Worker Responses A.Ambition B.Association C.Labor Protest D.Mass Politics

2. American Economy, 1800 Farming Hand Labor Craft work Local Family Firms Upward Mobility –apprentice –journeyman –master

3. Industrial Revolution, 1750-1850 Spinning jenny Steam engine Iron puddling furnace Cotton gin Telegraph Sewing machine

4. Transportation Canals create market towns and cities. Incentive for mass production

5. Common Labor

6. Deskilling & Manufacturing Division of labor Machines Teamwork Discipline

7. Creating Class An anxious blacksmith, circa 1850

8. The Decline of Servitude Courts begin replacing paternalism with employment at-will. Freedom of contract –Employer and employee have equal rights to make and break contracts. –Ignores difference in bargaining power. Massachusetts Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw (1781-1861)

9. Community under Pressure Five Points, NYC, 1840s

10. Ambition System offers opportunities for economic mobility. Sewing machine inventor, Elias Howe

11. Association Religion –2 nd Great Awakening 1820-40 –Church membership Grows 100K in 1831 –Revivals 10-25K people attend Mutual benefit –Fire companies –Insurance companies –Fraternal Societies

12. Labor Protest Violence –Unskilled labor –Canal diggers Boycotts –Skilled workers Cordwainers General Trades Union Strikes –Machine Operatives Women of Lowell Workers in political cartoon, circa 1830s

13. Mass Politics Workingman’s Party Jacksonian Democracy Free labor ideology President Andrew Jackson