1. Future as Subject Study of future as specific aspect of history

2. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 1962 1962 Thomas Kuhn Thomas Kuhn ‘Paradigm shift’ ‘Paradigm shift’ It is not possible to understand one paradigm through the conceptual framework and terminology of another rival paradigm

3. Paradigms ‘World view’ ‘World view’ Weltanschauung Weltanschauung Zeitgeist Zeitgeist Broadest cultural perspective of beauty, truth, and reality

4. Future Shock 1970 Alvin Toffler Alvin Toffler Treatment of the ‘acceleration of history’ as result of mass communication and globalism

5. Theory of history Pre-modern: God-centered Pre-modern: God-centered Modern: Science-centered Modern: Science-centered Postmodern: Mixed and compressed Postmodern: Mixed and compressed

6. Pre-modern Holy texts Holy texts Magical thinking Magical thinking Male-dominated family and clan Male-dominated family and clan Heroes, gods, kings, saints Heroes, gods, kings, saints

7. Early-Modern Classical and Eastern texts Classical and Eastern texts Romantic thinking Romantic thinking Exaltation of female Exaltation of female Tragic, national, & romantic heroes Tragic, national, & romantic heroes

8. Late-Modern Natural science texts Natural science texts Scientific method Scientific method Individuality/alienation Individuality/alienation Disillusion with science Disillusion with science Weltschmerz Weltschmerz Transition from Pre-Modern: Galileo, Newton, Darwin Transition from Pre-Modern: Galileo, Newton, Darwin

9. Post-Modern Nietzsche denies ‘grand narrative’ texts Nietzsche denies ‘grand narrative’ texts Freud deconstructs ‘human nature’ Freud deconstructs ‘human nature’ Late-Modern Weltschmerz becomes play Late-Modern Weltschmerz becomes play Anachronism becomes typical Anachronism becomes typical Low/high art mixed Low/high art mixed Derrida deconstructs ‘Truth, beauty, and reality’ Derrida deconstructs ‘Truth, beauty, and reality’

10. ‘Future’ becomes subject With advent of the New World With advent of the New World With Humanism With Humanism With the Enlightenment With the Enlightenment Looking forward to a better time through science, or to a secular hell through the failure of science.

11. Science of time Time is a river

12. Patricide Paradox If you go back in time and kill your father...

13. Einstein’s Space/Time 4 th dimension 4 th dimension Space/time curved by mass Space/time curved by mass Time is a place Time is a place

14. Einstein-Rosen Bridge Black hole Event horizon Singularity 1974 Larry Niven & Jerry Pournelle

15. Parallel Universes Time is not a river

16. Flatland 1884 Edwin A. Abbot (A 2 ) Edwin A. Abbot (A 2 )

17. Michio Kaku “The best explanation for light is as an interface between dimensions” “The best explanation for light is as an interface between dimensions” --Hyperspace 1998

18. M Theory Based on quantum theory Based on quantum theory Evolved from String theory Evolved from String theory Implies multiple universes Implies multiple universes

19. Probability of reality Wave/particle basis of light Wave/particle basis of light Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Normal distribution of location Normal distribution of location Asymptotic Asymptotic

20. Collapse of wave function

21. The Multiverse