1. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography
Chapter 11: Industry
The Cultural Landscape:
An Introduction to Human Geography

2. Where is Industry Distributed?
Origin of industry
Industry: production of goods in factories
From cottage industries to the Industrial Revolution
Figure 11-2

3. Where is Industry Distributed?
Origin of industry
Impacts of Industrial Revolution
Iron
Steam Engine
Coal
Energy source
Transportation
Canals & Railroads
Textiles
Cottage industry to factories
Chemicals
Food processing

4. Where is Industry Distributed?
Industrial regions: Europe
Late 19th & early 20th c.
United Kingdom: steel & textiles to high-tech industry
Rhine-Ruhr Valley: iron & steel
Mid-Rhine: consumer market & iron ore
Po Basin: textiles
NE Spain: textiles & motor vehicles
Moscow, St Petersburg, Volga, Donetsk, Silesia: wide variety
Figure 11-4

5. Where is Industry Distributed?
Industrial regions: N. America
Arrived later but spread faster
NE U.S.
New England: cotton textiles
Middle Atlantic: largest U.S. market
Mohawk Valley: steel & food processing
Pittsburg-Lake Erie: steel
W Great Lakes: transportation hub; steel
S California: aircraft industry; today = variety
SE Canada
SE Ontario: steel, motor vehicles, textiles, etc.
Figure 11-5

6. Where is Industry Distributed?
Industrial regions: East Asia
Isolation from world markets
Japan
Large quantity of goods to be sold at low prices
Today = high quality automobiles, electronics, etc.
China
Largest labor supply
1 of largest consumer markets

7. Industrial Regions
Figure 11-3

8. Why Are Situation Factors Important?
Proximity to inputs
Bulk-reducing industries
Inputs weigh more than outputs
Examples:
Copper
Mining
Concentration
Smelting
Refining
Steel (iron alloy)
19th c.
20th c.
Figure 11-8

9. Why Are Situation Factors Important?
Proximity to markets
Bulk-gaining industries
Product gains volume during production
Examples:
Fabricated metals
Making parts from metal
Bend, forge, stamp, form & parts
Beverage production
Water = largest input
Figure 11-10

10. Why Are Situation Factors Important?
Proximity to markets
Single-market manufacturers
Specialized
“Just-in-time” delivery
Perishable products
Delivered ASAP
Fresh food
Newspapers

11. Why Are Situation Factors Important?
Ship, rail, truck, or air?
The farther something is transported, the lower the cost
4 modes
Truck = short-distance travel
Train = longer distances (1 day +)
Ship = slow, but low cost
Air = most expensive, but fast
Break-of-bulk point: mode transfer location

12. Why Are Site Factors Important?
Labor: most important
Labor-intensive industries
Textiles (less-skilled, low cost labor)
Textile & apparel spinning (spin fibers to make yarn or thread)
Textile & apparel weaving (weave or knit yarn or thread into fabric)
Textile & apparel assembly (cut & sew fabric into products)
Capital-intensive industries

13. Textile Production
Figures 11-16, 17, 18

14. Why Are Site Factors Important?
Land
1st factories in cities
Today: rural sites
Space for production line
Environmental factors
Climate, topography, recreation, culture, energy, etc.
Capital
Need $ to start or expand factories

15. Why Are Location Factors Changing?
Attraction of new industrial regions
Changing industrial distribution in MDCs
Interregional shift within the U.S.
Right-to-work laws
Textile production
Figure 11-21

16. Why Are Location Factors Changing?
Interregional shifts in Europe
Convergence shifts
E & S Europe
Competitive & employment regions
W Europe
Figure 11-23

17. Why Are Location Factors Changing?
Attraction of new industrial regions
International shifts in industry
East Asia
China, Japan, S Korea
South Asia
India
Latin America
Maquiladora plants
Changing distributions

18. World Steel Production
Figure 11-24

19. Why Are Location Factors Changing?
Attraction of new industrial regions
Outsourcing
Transnational corporation
New international division of labor
Vertical integration
Figures 11-25, 26

20. Why Are Location Factors Changing?
Renewed attraction of traditional industrial regions
Proximity to skilled labor
Fordist (mass production)
Post-Fordist (lean production)
Just-in-time delivery

21. The End.