1. Introducing the Geochemical Cycles (it is necessary to understand & use these if you want to design a Mars Colony or any ecosystem…) Water cycle Carbon cycle Energy NON-cycle

2. Part II – the Carbon Cycle: Most of the carbon on earth is locked up in the crust in limestone rocks: CaCO 3 (PUT THIS IN YOUR NOTES!)

3. Some of the rest is in fossil fuels: coal, crude oil and natural gas. Coal = carbon Methane = CH 4 (PUT IN NOTES!)

4. Some is in the atmosphere as CO 2 : (PUT IN NOTES)

5. A lot is dissolved in seawater as carbonate (CO 3 2- ), bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ), carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ): (PUT IN NOTES)

6. And of course some is in living & dead biological tissue (Biomass): (NOTES)

7. PHOTOSYNTHESIS (plants and Algae): 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  (sunlight)  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 RESPIRATION (all life) C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O (+ energy!) Where: C 6 H 12 O 6 = sugar O 2 = oxygen CO 2 = carbon dioxide H 2 O = water(PUT THIS IN NOTES)

8. Draw in some ball-and-stick molecules… carbon dioxidecarbonate bicarbonate carbonic acid calcium carbonate water (PUT THIS IN NOTES)

9. Carbon Cycle getting started… CO 2 Limestone CaCO 3 Photosynthesis: CO 2 + H 2 O  sugar + O 2 Respiration: Sugar + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O (don’t put this in your notes!)

10. The main thing is to present it as a CYCLE That means every place with carbon has at least one arrow coming in and one arrow going out!