1. 1 ASPO WORKSHOP Paris Risks and Solutions to Ireland’s Energy Supply by David Callaghan Sea Energy Limited callaghan@eircom.net

2. 2 Purpose of Talk Ireland’s energy resources Review of risks to future supply Reducing the problem with wind and others Solving the problem –Harnessing the vast kinetic energy resourse in sea currents using Deflecting Vane Technology –DVT is the Solution to European and World Energy Needs – Hydrogen Fuel and Energy Storage callaghan@eircom.net

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4. 4 Depletion is easy to grasp As ASPO makes clear Oil & Gas are fossil fuels formed in the geological past –We started “running out” on Day One –BUT “running out” is not the issue –What matters is PEAK & DECLINE When will the peak arrive? What is its impact on Ireland? callaghan@eircom.net

5. 5 Ireland’s Electricity fuel Gas Coal Oil Peat Renewables 85% Imported !

6. 6 Europe’s Oil Generating Trends - Ireland’s lean endowment - sea currents are not yet in the picture

7. 7 Production Forecast 2002 Base Case Scenario

8. 8 ASPO Workshop 26th & 27th May 2003 Paris Depleting Oil and Gas reserves Sea Currents are the best Alternative Resource

9. 9 Web address www.seaenergyfoundation.org callaghan@eircom.net

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11. 11 Energy Density Enhancement One of the major advantages the DVT system has over other converters (which use propellers aerofoil or oscillating vanes) is that the energy density of the flow reaching the turbine has been enhanced at low cost and is more than three times that entering the other converters. callaghan@eircom.net

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13. 13 The Breakthrough Stages in DVT Evolution Threefold increase in energy density at turbine entry (Not possible with propeller systems) Breakthrough in bearing protection with overall cost savings and reduced shutdown time Problem of marine growth on vanes has been resolved Onsite topography requirement recognized. Some sites have significant advantages The 24 hour cycle incorporates a energy storage sequence to capture best market price The structure is semi-submersible and maintains best position relative to the surface Main buoyancy is well below the surface, safe and away from storm waves The main elements of each platform and facility are in multiplies and are dispersed The dispersed underwater nature of the system facilitates protection against attack callaghan@eircom.net

14. 14 Sea Energy Foundation 7 Replace Dependence on Fossil Fuels Reduce Global Warming People can make a difference your support can produce change Sea Energy Foundation Polar Bears

15. 15 Discovery Trend Now confirmed by ExxonMobil

16. 16 Gas Gas comes from vegetal remains not algae –and from overheated deep oil More generated but needs a better seal Depletes faster –End comes unexpectedly –No market signal –US experience » callaghan@eircom.net

17. 17 Europe’s Gas - Discovery & Production trends collide bcf Cum Production 2020 Offshore Onshore The move to gas is no solution !

18. 18 Ireland is very vulnerable –no coal or oil to speak of –one nearly depleted gasfield –one new gasfield offering temporary relief –relying on increasingly unreliable supplies of gas from UK and Europe –very much at the end of the line with many hungry people upstream callaghan@eircom.net

19. 19 Ireland’s Electricity fuel Gas Coal Oil Peat Renewables 85% Imported !

20. 20 Ireland’s gas balance Kinsale + Corrib UK net export ends With flat demand

21. 21 UK’s gas shortfall Grave Risks for Irish Supply

22. 22 The Sea Current Option The greatest source of renewable and sustainable energy is in the kinetic energy of sea currents. Harnessing this energy could satisfy the Global Energy Requirement Research is currently underway to find a solution There are a number of propeller systems There are oscillating vane and aerofoil systems These solutions are trying to adapt wind technology directly to a dense slow moving fluid. Deflecting Vane Technology is the only two stage approach and the logical way forward It increases energy density upstream from the turbine by a factor of 3 Help is needed to spread the good news worldwide callaghan@eircom.net

23. 23 Economic Obstacles The market always prefers the easy and cheap It is incapable of anticipating discontinutities Discounting impedes long term projects It is a matter of National Policy –even survival It is better than War » callaghan@eircom.net

24. 24 Time is short Radical changes affect all aspects of society Special interest groups need attention The administrative challenges are very great The time to start is NOW Ireland will have great advantage if it plans ahead of its competitors » callaghan@eircom.net

25. 25 The Celtic Fox thrives in Ireland: the Tiger belongs to the zoo

26. 26 Platform Life Factors Structure design based on Stress Analysis Model Identification of high/med stress areas Design for 30 years incorporating a concept of optimum & economic operation & maintenance Energy capture, conversion & distribution facilities modular for easy disengagement for onshore repair Operation & Maintenance strategies & activities finalised before design approval

27. 27 Ireland’s solutions Ireland has some advantages It can weather the storm if it adopts the right policies. Above all, it has a small population and a fertile land What should it do ?