1. Welcome to Biology 140 Fundamentals of Microbiology “Introduction to the biology of bacterial and archaeal organisms. Topics include microbial cell structure and function, methods of cultivation, genetics, phylogeny and taxonomy, and metabolic and genetic diversity. ”

2. Lecture 1 1.1 Microbiology 1.1 Microbiology 1.2 Microorganisms as Cells 1.2 Microorganisms as Cells 1.3 Microorganism and Their Natural Environments 1.3 Microorganism and Their Natural Environments 1.4 The Impact of Microorganisms on Humans 1.4 The Impact of Microorganisms on Humans

3. What is Microbiology? The science of microorganisms (very small, unicellular organisms) The science of microorganisms (very small, unicellular organisms) The discipline is just over a century old The discipline is just over a century old Has given rise to molecular biology and biotechnology Has given rise to molecular biology and biotechnology

4. What are Microbes?

6. Root Nodule

7. Bacteroids within Root Nodule

15. Why study Microbiology? Microorganisms were the first life on earth Microorganisms were the first life on earth Microorganisms created the biosphere that allowed multicellular organisms to evolve Microorganisms created the biosphere that allowed multicellular organisms to evolve Multicellular organisms evolved from microorganisms Multicellular organisms evolved from microorganisms >50% of the biomass on earth is comprised of microorganisms >50% of the biomass on earth is comprised of microorganisms Microorganisms will be on earth forever Microorganisms will be on earth forever

16. 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 Billion Years Ago Formation of O 2 atmosphere Cyanobacterial microfossils (oxygenic photosynthesis) Earth formed First microorganisms? algae, marine invertebrates insects mammals No free O 2 Reducing environment

18. Why study Microbiology? Our understanding of life has arisen largely from studies of microorganisms (biochemistry and genetics) Our understanding of life has arisen largely from studies of microorganisms (biochemistry and genetics) Studies of microorganisms continue to contribute to fundamental knowledge of life processes Studies of microorganisms continue to contribute to fundamental knowledge of life processes We still know very little about the microorganisms that are present on Earth We still know very little about the microorganisms that are present on Earth

20. Why study Microbiology? Health Health Agriculture Agriculture Food Food Environment Environment

21. impact of microorganisms on human affairs:

29. Infectious diseases are no longer the leading cause of death in North America, due to the development and use of antimicrobial agents, and improved sanitary practices.