1. Habit trees and shrubs, rarely herbs, usually armed Leaves alternate (opposite); simple or compound, distinctive serrations; stipulate Inflorescences variable: determinate or indeterminate Special floral characters hypanthium well developed, nectary disk around the rim of the hypanthium, perianth whorls in 5s with numerous exserted stamens Calyx 5 (4-many) sepals, connate Corolla 5 (4-many) petals Androecium 10-many stamens Gynoecium covers nearly all possible variation, however apocarpy is common in many members Fruit= drupe, pome, aggregate of follicles, achenes or drupes (Floral formula: Ca 5 Co 5 A 10-  G 1-  ) Rosaceae -- the rose family (100/3000; Cosmopolitan, most common in temperate \subtropical N. Hemisphere) Rosidae

2. Habit woody Leaves simple; considered estipulate (what do you think?) Ovary position superior, perigynous Gynoecium mostly apocarpous; 2-many ovules/carpel Fruit= aggregate of follicles (rarely a capsule) Examples: Spiraea, Physocarpus Family Rosaceae Subfamily Spiraeoideae

3. Rosidae Habit herbs/shrubs Leaves compound; stipulate Ovary position superior, perigynous Gynoecium apocarpous; 1-2 ovules/carpel Fruit= aggregate of achenes or drupes Examples: Cercocarpus, Fragria, Potentilla, Rubus, Rosa Family Rosaceae Subfamily Rosoideae

4. Rosidae Habit woody Leaves simple; stipulate Ovary position superior, perigynous Gynoecium apocarpous (1 carpel, rarely 2-5 distinct); 1-2 ovules/carpel Fruit= drupe Examples: only Prunus Family Rosaceae Subfamily Prunoideae

5. Rosidae Habit woody Leaves simple; stipulate Ovary position inferior, epigynous Gynoecium synocarpous (2-5 carpels); 1-2 (many) ovules/carpel Fruit= pome Examples: Amelanchier, Crataegus, Malus, Pyrus, Pyracanthus, Sorbus Family Rosaceae Subfamily Maloideae

6. Habit trees or shrubs sometimes armed Leaves alternate; simple, estipulate Inflorescences racemes, solitary, or axillary clusters Special floral characters: hypanthium well developed, often with a prominent nectary disc, sepals persistent in fruit Calyx 4-5 sepals Corolla 4-5 petals Androecium 5 stamens Gynoecium 1-3 carpels, connate; superior (rarely inferior) Fruit= berry or capsule (Floral formula: Ca 4-5 Co 4-5 A 5 G 1-3 ) ß-family Rosidae Grossulariaceae -- the gooseberry and currant family (25/350; cosmopolitan)

7. Habit herbs Leaves commonly basal, also cauline, palmately lobed with glandular pubescence, alternate; estipulate Inflorescence corymb or raceme Special floral characters: prominent interstaminal nectary disk Calyx 5 sepals Corolla 5 petals Androecium 8-10 distinct Gynoecium 2 carpels fused at base, but with two distinct styles; many ovules, axile placentation Fruit= follicles with persistent styles (Floral formula: Ca 5 Co 5 A 8-10 G 2 ) ß-family Rosidae Saxifragaceae (s.s.) -- the saxifrag family (40/700; cosmopolitan, mostly in cool and cold areas)

8. Habit herbs, shrubs, trees (rarely lianas e.g. Bauhinia) Leaves alternate; usually pinnate to bipinnately compound (simple, palmate, trifoliate); stipulate; pulvinus at petiole and/or petiolule base Inflorescence various Special floral characters: slight hypanthium may be present; corolla specialized in Faboideae with banner, keel, and wings Calyx 5 sepals, connate Corolla 5 (0-1) petals, distinct Androecium 1- many stamens, distinct or connate as 9 + 1 = diadelphous or all 10 stamens Gynoecium 1 carpel; superior; 1- many marginal ovules Fruit= legume, or legume-derived loment or indehiscent pod (Floral formula: Ca 5 Co 5 A 1-  G 1 ) Rosidae Fabaceae (Leguminosae) -- the legume family (690-800/14,000- 20,000; cosmopolitan)

9. Rosidae Distribution Mostly tropical Leaves mostly bipinnate Floral symmetry actinomorphic Androecium 10-many usually distinct Examples: Acacia, Cercidium, Mimosa, Prosopis Family Fabaceae Subfamily Mimosoideae

10. Rosidae Distribution Mostly tropical Leaves pinnate or bipinnate Floral symmetry actinomorphic to zygomorphic Androecium  10 stamens, distinct or connate Examples: Caesalpinia, Cassia Family Fabaceae Subfamily Caesalpinioideae

11. Rosidae Distribution tropical and temperate Leaves pinnately or palmately compound Floral symmetry strongly zygomorphic Androecium 10 stamens, usually diadelphous = 9 + 1 Examples: Lupinus, Pisum, Robinia, Phaseolus Family Fabaceae Subfamily Papilionoideae (or Faboideae)