1. Photosynthesis An introduction

2. Photosynthesis Class Brainstorm

3. The 5 Ws of Photosynthesis  Who? Photoautotrophs  What? Use light energy and CO 2 to make sugars  Where? Chloroplasts  When? Need light  Why? Source of energy for other organisms

4. Chlorophyll  Definition: A green colored pigment that absorbs light  Two types: Chlorophyll a (blue-green) and Chlorophyll b (yellow-green)  Consists of a porphyrin ring and a long hydrocarbon tail  See page 139 for image

5.  Porphyrin ring: a Mg atom at the centre and a hydrocarbon ring of alternating single and double bonds Chlorophyll a has a methyl group (-CH 3 ) Chlorophyll b has an aldehyde group (-COH)  Hydrocarbon tail or Phytol tail: anchors molecule to a membrane

6. Eukaryotic Autotrophs  Algae, Photosynthetic Protists, and Plants  Chlorophyll in organelles: chloroplasts  Chloroplasts found in leaves (gives them green color)

7. Leaf Structure Waxy cuticle Upper Epidermis Palisade Mesophyll Lower Epidermis Mesophyll Spongy Mesophyll Vascular Bundle Guard Cells

8. Chloroplast: Photosynthetic “Factories”

9. Sketch and label a chloroplast  Inner and outer membrane  Stroma – protein-rich semi-liquid  Thylakoids – membrane bound sacs contain chlorophyll and ETC  Grana – stacks of thylakoids  Lamellae – unstacked thylakoids that connect grana  See page 144

10. Photosynthesis Overview  Step 1. Capture light energy.  Step 2. Make ATP and reduced NADP +  Step 3. Make glucose and organic compounds.

11. Light  Electromagnetic radiation (EM): light is a form of energy Visible light 380 (violet) -750 (red) nm Travels in wave packets called photons

12.  Absorption Spectrum: the wavelengths of light that a pigment will absorb  Action Spectrum: the most effective wavelength for photosynthesis  See page 152

13. Read “A Brief History of Photosynthesis Research” on page 149-150.  What experiment did J.B. Van Helmont conduct? What did he conclude?  What experiment did Joseph Priestly conduct? What did he conclude?  What is the source of O 2 in photosynthesis?

14. Hmwk  Prelab for Fermentation Lab  Study for Quiz  Hmwk (take-up on Tues) Qs: p145 #5b, 7, 9 Qs: p154 #1, 3, 6, 7, 8