1. Fundamentals Computing Components 01/23/15

2. Hardware Physical Components Bit  Open or Closed Switch  High or Low Signal  Zero or One Byte  Eight bits 0110 0101  One Character, such as 'A' or '1' Numbers are stored as binary numbers

3. Computer Components

4. Components Central Processing Unit (CPU)  “Brain” of Computer  Control Unit Directs operation of computer  Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) Performs computations Memory  Stores programs and data  Volatile  RAM

5. Data in Memory Imagine! Java: Programming Concepts in Context by Frank M. Carrano, © Pearson Education – Prentice Hall, 2010

6. Components Secondary Storage  Store more data.  Store long term, non-volatile  Megabyte -- one million bytes, or 2 20 Short novel  Gigabyte – one billion bytes or 2 30 Pickup truck load of books Input/Output  Input - get data from World.  Output – send data to World.

8. Software Programs System Software  Controls Operations of Computer  Operating System Application Software  Perform Particular Task  Payroll Program, University Grading

9. Programming Languages Machine Language  Binary numbers 0011 0101 Assembly Language  Symbolic  Tied to particular type of computer High-Level Language  More Powerful  Not Tied to Particular Computer  Must be Compiled  C, C++, Java, C#, Visual Basic

10. Steps to Create an Executable C Program

11. Machine and Assembly ADDR ML LN LABEL OP OPRND 0000 30 *= $600 0600 AD0C06 45 LDA ADDR1 0603 D003 50 BNE NOZERO 0605 4C0906 55 JMP ZERO 0608 60 60 NOZERO RTS 0609 E901 70 ZERO SBC #1 060B 60 80 RTS 060C 04 90 ADDR1.BYTE 4

12. Object-Oriented Languages C is Procedural Language  Organized into functions or methods. C++ is Object-Oriented  Organized into Classes and Objects

13. Software Development Design and Development  Analyze problem  Select an overall solution algorithm  Write program  Test and correct

14. Questions What does the CPU do? Give an example of software. What is the purpose of an operating system. In software development, what step comes before coding a program?

15. Next Algorithms