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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 1 He-cooled Divertor Development in the.

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Presentation on theme: "Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 1 He-cooled Divertor Development in the."— Presentation transcript:

1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 1 He-cooled Divertor Development in the EU: The Helium Jet cooled Divertor HEMJ Contributors: Divertor Group at FZK, Germany and Efremov Institute, Russia ARIES Meeting General Atomics, San Diego February 24-25, 2005 Presented by Thomas Ihli * * Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, currently exchange visitor to UCSD & The ARIES Team

2 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 2 Heat load up to at least 10 MW/m² & strike point movements Withstand erosive particle flux for several years (low sputtering rate) He-cooling, high He-pressure ≈ 100 bars & vacuum leak tightness DEMO Divertor main requirements: Introduction: Divertor Requirements X-point Divertor Divertor with Target Plates Target plate heat flux [MW/m²] target length [m]

3 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 3 EU Tungsten Divertor: General Design W-Armor: +High Melting Point +High Heat Conductivity + low Sputtering Rate + activation accaptable -need of low Impurity of W in Plasma (due to high atomic number of W) W ArmorW Alloy Cap Structure Ferritic steel (ODS) or W Alloy / Densimet He cooling heat transfer enhancement ? FZK

4 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 4 HEM J jet array 1300°C HEM S slot array 1300°C Evolution of FZK Heat Transfer Design HEM P pin array max. heat flux simple fabrication reference back-up 1300°C W

5 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 5 COOLING TECHNOLOGY: Jet Impingement Cooling technology applied in the fields of: Aircraft Engines Gas Turbines Burners …  DEMO Divertor Jet Impingement HOT

6 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 6 HEMJ Cooling Finger: Design & Materials FZK He Armor (W) Cap (W Alloy) Cartridge (Steel) Transition Piece  STEEL 600°C Ferritic Steel (ODS) W 3410 °C (TS) 2500°C (ELMs, disrupt.) Tile 700°C ~700°C (DBTT) ~2500°C (ELMs, Disr.) Armor Thimble ~ 600°C (DBTT) 1300°C Cap (RCT) ~ 700 °C (DBTT) Bulk 300°C W alloy (e.g. WL10) Temp. He 600°C 700°C 600°C He 700°C

7 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 7 High reliability, low waste during fabrication 9-Finger Unit Test, Assembly Construction Kit Principle: Small Units advantageous for R&D progress Small Units can be tested before assembling Stripe-Unit Test, Assembly Target Plate Test, Assembly Divertor Cassette …

8 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 8 Details of 9-Finger module Steel-plates and cooling fingers FZK (Welding: Laser, E-Beam, diffusion welding or HIP) W-section, 600 to 2000°C Manifold section He, Steel: 600 to 700°C Collector section He, Steel: 600 to 700°C 9-finger-module He

9 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 9 R&D on fabrication technologies: high temperature W-joint EFREMOV under FZK contract Upper W layer with castellation (10x10 mm) 15 MW/m 2 700 cycles OK defect after add. 50 cycles at 16 MW/m 2 First joint Second joint 4 mm 1 mm 20 mm

10 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 10 R&D on fabrication technologies: high temperature curved W-joint EFREMOV under FZK contract Brazing successful, survived up to 100 temperature cycles at 14 MW/m2

11 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 11 W-Cap – Steel Joint (Efremov Inst.) W-Cap – Steel-Tube Joint MOCKUP Cast copper layer Cap W Pins W Leak detected after 2nd thermal cycle Transition piece steel Cross-section of lock-area

12 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 12 R&D on fabrication technologies: W-steel joint EFREMOV under FZK contract Finger mockup (without armour tile) after casting (left) and after post- testing examination (right). 100 thermocycles (p in =10 MPa) ok Main elements for W-Steel joint with new (conic) lock

13 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 13 Layout example for Multiple-He-Jet-Cooled Divertor 24 holes; D = 0.6 mm center hole; D = 1 mm Multiple Jet Cartridge D = 15 mm a = 18 mm Finger Unit jet-to-wall spacing H = 1.2 mm W Alloy W Steel FZK

14 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 14 CFD-Results for layout example Flow Velocities Helium, 10 MPa, T_in 630 °C, heat load: 10 MW/m²: max. Temperature in W-Cap: 1152°C (< 1300°C) Pressure drop: 0.14 MPa Mass flow per finger: 6.8 g/s B.C.: Results: 230 0 Veloc. [m/s] Temp. [°C] Temperatures T max 1675 °C T max 1152 °C IRS Ma max = 0.13 a = 1770 m/s IMF III

15 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 15 Minimal He mass flow for different jet hole diameters heat flux: 10 MW/m² J1a: D = 0.6 mm J1d: D = 0.7 mm J1e: D = 0.85 mm HEM J Recrystallisation

16 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 16 Armor – Cap Joint Improved Finger Design Stress intensity for bonded armor, 10 MW/m², 10 MPa ANSYS FE Connection “Bonded” “No separation” Stress Intensity 377 MPa228 MPa Stress intensities depending on cap interface treatment and heat flux: 3Sm at 1100°C ~ 460 MPa at 850°C ~ 580 MPa

17 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 17 Efremov GPF2: Scheme & Mock-ups Pressure Vessels Heat Exchanger Water Mock up Helium Heat Exchanger Pressure Tank Compressor Caps (brass) Cartridges (steel)

18 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 18 GPF 2 RESULTS (Δp) for 2004 brass mock-ups HEMS 24 x 0.3 mm HEMJ D = 0.6 HEMJ D = 0.85 Reasonable layout: G = 7 g/s, dp = 100 kPa 100 10 1000 101001 Mass flow [g/s] Pressure drop [kPa]

19 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 19 GPF tests (CuCrZr) GPF 2 RESULTS for 2004 brass mock-ups HEMS 24 x 0.3 mm HEMJ D = 0.6 HEMJ D = 0.85 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Heat flux [MW/m 2 ] CFD Calculation Mass flow [g/s]

20 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 20 Zone 4 4 SQUARE TILE mass flow: 2.46 g/s dp: 37 kPa (60%) heat flux:3.2 MW/m² holes: 12 x 0.7 mm, 1 x 1.47 mm HEMJ Layout for OB target (PPCS Model B) Zone 3 3 SQUARE TILE mass flow: 5.4 g/s dp: 55 kPa (69%) heat flux:7 MW/m² holes: 24 x 0.7 mm, 1 x 1.47 mm Zone 1 & 2 1 2 HEXAGONAL TILE mass flow: 7.9 g/s dp: 103 kPa (76%) heat flux:11.61 MW/m² holes: 24 x 0.71 mm, 1 x 1.47 mm 24 fingers zone length in parallel 432 mm 38 fingers zone length in parallel 684 mm 78 fingers zone length in parallel 1404 mm OB

21 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 02/24/2005 T. Ihli PL FUSION FZK - EURATOM ASSOCIATION 21 Materials, Design, Joining Finger Units 9-Finger-Units Small Parts Development Objectives: He-cooled Divertor on the way to ITER & DEMO Stripe-Units Targets Cassette, TDM Big Parts Development ITER 2020 DEMO Reactors

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