1. Design Process of Serpentine Channel Documentation on the design of a basic injector-separation channel model design

2. Design that will be build A generic design representative of a class of separation systems space constraints require the use of efficient channel folding Simple two-device system: a double-T injector followed by a two-turn serpentine separation channel Injector operates with a low amount of pinching and pullback for the loading and dispensing stages, respectively Separation occurs over a length slightly more than 1/2cm Relatively short separation length because the species are easily separated Mobilities are 40k um^2/Vs and 50k um^2/Vs Diffusivities are 400um^2/s and 400 um^2/s

3. Final Design Flow Direction This is the electric field flow direction

4. Creating a new Library Go back to the “Library Manager” window Clicking on toolbar menu: File -> New -> Library... will open a “New Library” window Enter the Name of the new library you would like to add and press OK Your library would be created in the directory where you started Cadence (the SYNBIOSYS_Cadence folder in your work directory)

5. Back to the Library Manager Now you will see your library (in this example, Test) that was just created in the column labeled Library A “Technology File for New Library” window pops up check the Don’t need a techfile box and click OK

6. New Cellview To create the new cellview, click the library you just created, click on toolbar menu: File -> New -> Cell View... A “Create New File” window will appear In this window the Cell Name, View Name and the Tool of your design are set Give an appropriate name for Cell Name In Tool select Composer-Schematic and click OK

7. The Editor Window A “Virtuoso Schematic Editing” window appears This window is where the components of the demo design will be assembled and connected

8. Adding an Instance There are three different ways to insert an Object as an Instance One way to do this is to go in the toolbar menu: Add->Instance… i Another is to use the hotkey“i” And the third is to use the button on the side toolbar

9. Selecting the Object Once you have used one of the ways to instantiate an Object, a window will appear named “Add Instance” You will need to input the desired object and its respective properties These can both be done by clicking Browse next to the Library text box, a new “Component Browser” window will appear where we can choose the library and the component Click on the drop down tab for Library and select NODAS_FLUID Choose the INJ_doubleT from the list that appears Click the Hide button and get back to the “Virtuoso Schematic Editing” window

10. Placing the Instance Click anywhere in the Editor window to place the instance The position where you place the instance is not permanent, the instance can be moved by selecting it and dragging it into its desired location

11. Editing Properties In the Editor window, click on the object you just placed A white outline appears around the object Click on the button shown below on the side toolbar The “Edit Object Properties” window appears To get to the properties of this object click on the drop- down tab for CDF Parameter of view and select veriloga, and input all of the appropriate fields as seen in the image

12. Separation Channel I Now another object needs to be added, Go to Add -> Instance i When the “Add Instance” window appears this time, follow the same process as adding the previous instance and enter the following data in the appropriate fields The SEP_channel is a straight separation channel for the flow of the different species The L (length) parameter larger the value of L, more is the separation between the species for fixed voltage and mobilities Once the properties have been entered, place the new object in the Editor with the inputs of the new SEP_ channel aligned with the separation output of the INJ_doubleT (The side with 5 outputs, or square blocks) LibraryCellProperties NODAS_FLUIDSEP_channelL = 3000 W = 50 sp_Mu_0 = mu0 sp_Mu_1 = mu1 sp_D_0 = D0 sp_D_1 =D1 H = 10

13. Wiring The two components need to be connected through wires There are again three ways to select the “wire” tool One way is to go into the toolbar menu: Add->Wire (narrow) w Another is to use the hotkey “w” And the third is to use the button shown below on the side toolbar

14. Wiring Part 2 Once the wiring tool has been selected, the wire needs to be laid down To connect the two components simply click on a pin on the output of the injector and then click on the corresponding pin input of the channel and those two pins are “wired up” Repeat this process for the rest of the pins as shown in the picture

15. Another Way to Wire There is another way to wire two elements together That way is to simply place the instances such that the pins that are going to connected are on top of one another and then move the instances apart This process will quickly and easily connect two components together This method will be used for wiring for the rest of this tutorial

16. The Detector Instantiate a new object with the following properties:  Once the detector has been placed in the Editor window, wire it to the channel as shown  The detector is placed at different stages in the separation channel to monitor the flow of the species LibraryCell NODAS_FLUIDSEP_detectorsp_Mu_0 = mu0, sp_Mu_1 = mu1, sp_D_0 = D0, sp_D_1 = D1

17. Adding Pins The next item that need to be added are pins so that the design can interact with the outside environment There are three ways to add pins One way it to go into the toolbar menu: Add -> Pin... p Another is using the hotkey “p” And the third is use the button as shown below on the side toolbar

18. Pins Part 1 By using one of the previous buttons, or hotkey, the “Add Pin” window will appear  Enter the Pin Names exactly as is shown  Also make sure the Direction is set to output and all the check boxes shown are checked

19. Pins Part 2 The next step is to place the pin on the Editor

20. Rotate Part 1 The Pin is facing to the right To clean up the look, the pin can be rotated to be pointing straight down There are three ways to Rotate Items One way it to go into the toolbar menu: Edit -> Rotate r Another is using the hotkey “r”

21. Rotate Part 2 Once the rotation process has be started, simply click on the object to rotate it Click multiple times on the object to rotate it multiple times

22. Adding the Wire Once the object has been rotated to the desired direction, it is then wired up to the detector as shown

23. Finishing Pins The last step is to repeat the process for another pin on the top of the detector The Pin Names for the new pin should be res, and it’s Direction should be set to output as well

24. Rest of the Design Components Instance Number CellProperties 1SEP_Ubend1L1 = 0, L2 = 0, W1 = 50, W2 = 50,R1 = 150, R2 = 200, sp_Mu_0 = mu0, sp_Mu_1 = mu1, sp_D_0 = D0, sp_D_1 = D1 2SEP_channelL = 2000,W = 50, sp_Mu_0 = mu0, sp_Mu_1 = mu1, sp_D_0 = D0, sp_D_1 = D1 3SEP_Ubend2L1 = 0, L2 = 0, W1 = 50, W2 = 50,R1 = 150, R2 = 200, sp_Mu_0 = mu0, sp_Mu_1 = mu1, sp_D_0 = D0, sp_D_1 = D1 4SEP_channelL = 1000,W = 50, sp_Mu_0 = mu0, sp_Mu_1 = mu1, sp_D_0 = D0, sp_D_1 = D1 5SEP_detectorsp_Mu_0 = mu0, sp_Mu_1 = mu1, sp_D_0 = D0, sp_D_1 = D1 – Note: Add Two Pins similar to the first detector, but named conc_out and res_out respectively. 6SEP_channelL = 1000,W = 50, sp_Mu_0 = mu0, sp_Mu_1 = mu1, sp_D_0 = D0, sp_D_1 = D1 7WasteReservoirVi = V2L*LOAD + (1-LOAD)*V2D, R = 50, activated = 1 Note: These elements are in the Library NODAS_FLUID.

25. After Adding The New Instances This is how your instances should be placed and connected

26. The Rest of Components for the Design Instance Number CellProperties 8SampleReservoirVi = V1L*LOAD + (1-LOAD)*V1D, R = 50, flag = 1 9SampleReservoirVi = V4L*LOAD + (1-LOAD)*V4D, R = 50, flag = 1 10SampleReservoirVi = V3L*LOAD + (1-LOAD)*V3D, R = 50, flag = 1 11INJ_channel (1)L = 200, W = 50, H = 10 12INJ_channel (4)L = 100, W = 50, H = 10 13INJ_channel (3)L = 200, W = 50, H = 10 Note: These elements are in the Library NODAS_FLUID. Injector channels 1,3 need to have the same length…4 is diametrically opposite 2 which is the flow path of the separation channel as shown in the next slide

27. The Final Design

28. The Final Design Step The Last thing to do in the design phase is to save your design

29. Possible errors and warnings One possible warning that might arise is the occurrence of floating input or output pins This might be because of simple wiring errors can be corrected by zooming in on the warning points (highlighted yellow by Cadence) on the schematic and checking if the required points are indeed connected

30. Possible warnings and errors Check to make sure all the instances are properly oriented with other connections and instances in the system Incase they are not follow these steps 1. Click on the misorientated (all instances need to look like ones shown in slide 39) instance and delete it 2. Add a new instance and play with the Sideways and Rotate buttons to get the proper orientation of the instance 3. Add the instance back on the schematic and connect it back to the other blocks 4. If you notice convoluted wiring around instances, it is an indication that the instance is not oriented properly with respect to the other blocks

31. Things to note Make sure the mobilities and diffusivities denoted by variables mu1,mu0,D1,D0 are set in each instance This will be crucial to getting a proper output