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Event selection at lower incident energies Exists a strong correlation between all impact parameter dependent observables. Possible to exclude peripheral collisions by gates on N c or E t NPA A548 (1992) 489
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QMD+SMM:Two-step hybrid model comparisons Essentially perfect agreement is possible E * /A the : Charge distribution A source : Fragment multiplicity E coll /A : = Williams et al.,(1997) PRC 55 (1997) R2132
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Source Parameters Only a fraction of the available energy and mass can be considered thermalized. Same problems are observed for central Au+Au collisions: E*/A > E coll /A + E* thermal /A. Similar problems are observed in projectile multi-fragmentation and light induced multi-fragmentation. PRC 55 (1997) R2132
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How isolated are these “equilibrated sources” Charge conservation constraints are too strong if reduced source is assumed. –Two-steps are not really uncoupled. Empirically: PRC 55 (1997) R557
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