1. Data Tutorial Tutorial on Types of Graphs Used for Data Analysis, Along with How to Enter Them in MS Excel Carryn Bellomo University of Nevada, Las Vegas

2. Overview You will be given a brief description, example, and “how to create” for each of the following: You will be given a brief description, example, and “how to create” for each of the following: Bar Graphs Bar Graphs Line Graphs Line Graphs Circle Graphs Circle Graphs Scatterplots Scatterplots Box and Whisker Plots Box and Whisker Plots

3. Overview Go to http://www.unlv.edu/faculty/bellomo Click on the link for Teachers Forum Scroll down to Formula Sheets, #7 (How to graph…) Go to http://www.unlv.edu/faculty/bellomo Click on the link for Teachers Forum Scroll down to Formula Sheets, #7 (How to graph…)http://www.unlv.edu/faculty/bellomo For the Excel portion of the tutorial, please open the file Excel_Data.xls For the Excel portion of the tutorial, please open the file Excel_Data.xls Each tab on the bottom of the file corresponds to a data set, which is used to create the example. Each tab on the bottom of the file corresponds to a data set, which is used to create the example. You can follow along to see how to use Excel to create each data plot. You can follow along to see how to use Excel to create each data plot.

4. Bar Graphs: Intro Shows the frequencies of specific data values in a data set. Shows the frequencies of specific data values in a data set. It can be used for categorical or numerical data. It can be used for categorical or numerical data. The length of the bar drawn for each data value represents the frequency of that value. The length of the bar drawn for each data value represents the frequency of that value. Bars may be drawn vertically or horizontally. Bars may be drawn vertically or horizontally. To avoid confusion, the bars should be the same width. To avoid confusion, the bars should be the same width.

5. Bar Graph: An Example

6. Bar Graph: Creating in Excel Click on an empty cell. Click on an empty cell. Go to Insert, then Chart. Go to Insert, then Chart. Make sure you have Column highlighted, and press Next. Make sure you have Column highlighted, and press Next. Sometimes Excel tries to guess what you want, so you may see values in the Data Range cells. If so, delete them. Sometimes Excel tries to guess what you want, so you may see values in the Data Range cells. If so, delete them. With the cursor in the Data Range cells, click on the left most value of your data table, and drag to highlight to the right most data value. With the cursor in the Data Range cells, click on the left most value of your data table, and drag to highlight to the right most data value. Click on Next. Click on Next. Title your graph, and label the vertical and horizontal axis. Title your graph, and label the vertical and horizontal axis. Then click on Finish. Then click on Finish.

7. Line Graph: Intro Typically used for continuous data to show the change in a variable (usually over time). Typically used for continuous data to show the change in a variable (usually over time). Each element of the sample is associated with an ordered pair, with a independent variable (such as time) and a dependent variable. Each element of the sample is associated with an ordered pair, with a independent variable (such as time) and a dependent variable. The independent variable is marked on the horizontal axis, and the dependent variable is marked on the vertical axis. The independent variable is marked on the horizontal axis, and the dependent variable is marked on the vertical axis. Each ordered pair is graphed, and are connected with line segments. Each ordered pair is graphed, and are connected with line segments. Scaling is critical when trying to analyze the relationship between the variables. Scaling is critical when trying to analyze the relationship between the variables.

8. Line Graph: An Example

9. Line Graph: Creating in Excel Click on an empty cell. Click on an empty cell. Go to Insert, then Chart. Go to Insert, then Chart. Make sure you have Line highlighted, and choose your display type. Then press Next. Make sure you have Line highlighted, and choose your display type. Then press Next. Again, if you see values in the Data Range cells, delete them. Again, if you see values in the Data Range cells, delete them. With the cursor in the Data Range cells, click on the left most value of your data table and drag to highlight to the right most data value. With the cursor in the Data Range cells, click on the left most value of your data table and drag to highlight to the right most data value. Click on Next. Click on Next. Title your graph, and label the vertical and horizontal axis. Title your graph, and label the vertical and horizontal axis. Then click on Finish. Then click on Finish.

10. Circle Graph: Intro Also called a pie chart. Also called a pie chart. Is a circle divided into parts (also called sections or wedges). Is a circle divided into parts (also called sections or wedges). Each part shows the percent of the data elements that are categorized similarly. Each part shows the percent of the data elements that are categorized similarly. The parts must sum to 100 percent. The parts must sum to 100 percent.

11. Circle Graph: An Example

12. Circle Graph: Creating in Excel Click on an empty cell. Go to Insert, then Chart. Click on an empty cell. Go to Insert, then Chart. Make sure you have Pie highlighted, and choose your display type. Then press Next. Make sure you have Pie highlighted, and choose your display type. Then press Next. Again, if you see values in the Data Range cells, delete them. Again, if you see values in the Data Range cells, delete them. Go to the Series tab, and click on Add. Go to the Series tab, and click on Add. With the cursor in the Values box, enter the values in the column titled “Percentage”. With the cursor in the Values box, enter the values in the column titled “Percentage”. With the cursor in the Category X axis labels box, enter the values in the “Month” column. With the cursor in the Category X axis labels box, enter the values in the “Month” column. Click on Next. Click on Next. Title your graph, then click on Finish. Title your graph, then click on Finish.

13. Scatterplot: Intro Similar to a line graph, although the ordered pairs are not connected with line segments. Similar to a line graph, although the ordered pairs are not connected with line segments. Each element of the data set has two different measurements. Each element of the data set has two different measurements. The two coordinates of each point are determined by the two measurements for the corresponding element of the sample. The two coordinates of each point are determined by the two measurements for the corresponding element of the sample. This is the best way to determine if two characteristics are related. This is the best way to determine if two characteristics are related.

14. Scatterplot: An Example

15. Scatterplot: Creating in Excel Click on an empty cell. Go to Insert, then Chart. Click on an empty cell. Go to Insert, then Chart. Make sure you have Scatter highlighted, and choose your display type. Then press Next. Make sure you have Scatter highlighted, and choose your display type. Then press Next. Again, if you see values in the Data Range cells, delete them. Again, if you see values in the Data Range cells, delete them. Go to the Series tab, and click on Add. Go to the Series tab, and click on Add. With the cursor in the X Values box, enter the data values in the column titled “Alcohol”. With the cursor in the X Values box, enter the data values in the column titled “Alcohol”. With the cursor in the Y Values box, enter the data values in the “Tobacco” column. With the cursor in the Y Values box, enter the data values in the “Tobacco” column. Click on Next. Click on Next. Title your graph, then click on Finish. Title your graph, then click on Finish.

16. Scatterplot: The Best Fit Line You can fit a linear equation to any scatterplot. You can fit a linear equation to any scatterplot. Once you have the data in a plot, right click on any data point, and click on Add Trendline. Once you have the data in a plot, right click on any data point, and click on Add Trendline. Make sure Linear is highlighted. Make sure Linear is highlighted. Click on the Options Tab, and check the box titled “Display Equation on Chart”. Click on the Options Tab, and check the box titled “Display Equation on Chart”. Click OK. Click OK. The linear regression line will be added to your chart, along with the equation for that line. The linear regression line will be added to your chart, along with the equation for that line.

17. Box and Whisker Plot: Intro This is constructed with the “five-point summary”. This is constructed with the “five-point summary”. The least and greatest values, median, and first and third quartiles are used to construct the box plot. The least and greatest values, median, and first and third quartiles are used to construct the box plot. They are useful for comparing data sets. They are useful for comparing data sets.

18. Box & Whisker Plot: An Example

19. Box & Whisker: Creating Click on an empty cell. Click on an empty cell. Find the necessary values by using excel functions (here, “DataRange” indicates the range of values where your data is, i.e. A1:A20) Find the necessary values by using excel functions (here, “DataRange” indicates the range of values where your data is, i.e. A1:A20) Minimum: “=Min(DataRange)” Minimum: “=Min(DataRange)” Maximum: “=Max(DataRange)” Maximum: “=Max(DataRange)” Median: “=Median(DataRange)” Median: “=Median(DataRange)” 25 th Percentile: “=Percentile(DataRange, 0.25)” 25 th Percentile: “=Percentile(DataRange, 0.25)” 75 th Percentile: “=Percentile(DataRange, 0.75)” 75 th Percentile: “=Percentile(DataRange, 0.75)” Next to these cells, enter a column of 1’s Next to these cells, enter a column of 1’s

20. Box & Whisker: Creating Go to Insert, then Chart. Go to Insert, then Chart. Make sure you have Scatter highlighted, and choose the display type without any connecting lines. Then press Next. Make sure you have Scatter highlighted, and choose the display type without any connecting lines. Then press Next. If you see values in the Data Range cells, delete them. If you see values in the Data Range cells, delete them. Go to the Series tab, and click on Add. Go to the Series tab, and click on Add. With the cursor in the X Values box, enter the data values you found earlier (min, max, etc.) With the cursor in the X Values box, enter the data values you found earlier (min, max, etc.) With the cursor in the Y Values box, enter a column of 1’s. With the cursor in the Y Values box, enter a column of 1’s. Click on Next, title your graph, then click on Finish. Click on Next, title your graph, then click on Finish. Delete the horizontal lines on your graph by clicking on one of them and hitting the Delete key. Delete the horizontal lines on your graph by clicking on one of them and hitting the Delete key. Delete the vertical axis by clicking on it and hitting the Delete key. Delete the vertical axis by clicking on it and hitting the Delete key.

21. Box & Whisker: Creating Use the drawing toolbar to make the box and whiskers (if you do not see the toolbar, click on View  Toolbars  Drawing). Use the drawing toolbar to make the box and whiskers (if you do not see the toolbar, click on View  Toolbars  Drawing). Put a line connecting the 1 st and 2 nd points. Put a line connecting the 1 st and 2 nd points. Put a box connecting the 2 nd and 4 th points (with the box highlighted, click on the small arrow next to and click No Fill to remove the fill color). Put a box connecting the 2 nd and 4 th points (with the box highlighted, click on the small arrow next to and click No Fill to remove the fill color). Put a vertical line through the 3 rd point. Put a vertical line through the 3 rd point. Put a line connecting the 4 th and 5 th point. Put a line connecting the 4 th and 5 th point.

22. Summary We have gone over several types of graphs. We have gone over several types of graphs. Another data set can be found at http://www.unlv.edu/faculty/bellomo Click on the link for Teachers Forum Another data set can be found at http://www.unlv.edu/faculty/bellomo Click on the link for Teachers Forumhttp://www.unlv.edu/faculty/bellomo Practice by opening up the file called Excel_MoreData.xls and follow the directions in red. Practice by opening up the file called Excel_MoreData.xls and follow the directions in red.