1. WP4 Tropospheric composition Reeves, Coe, Heard, Lewis, Monks, Pyle In the case of WP4 the objectives have been subdivided so that individual groups (first- named) lead the activity in that area: WP4.1 UEA, UMIST, Leeds, York, Leicester WP4.2 UMIST, UEA, York WP4.3 Leicester, Leeds, UEA WP4.4 Leeds, Leicester, York, UMIST WP4.5 Cambridge

3. Interactions between the land surface, monsoon dynamics and atmospheric composition. e.g. land surface affects surface temperature, which affects biogenic emissions monsoon dynamics and subsequently rainfall and thus emissions Isoprene emissions Surface Temperature Surface Vegetation and Soil Isoprene

4. Biogenic Emissions Mat Evans – GEOS-CHEM

5. HIGH AFRICAN BIOGENIC VOC EMISSIONS SEEN BY GOME T. Kurosu (SAO) and P. Palmer (Harvard)

6. Anthropogenic v Natural Sources of NO X Mat Evans – GEOS-CHEM

7. Western Africa is one of the world’s most active lightning regions ! LIS lightning flashes (2000) DJF JJA

8. Mat Evans – GEOS-CHEM Vertical Distribution of Emissions Redistribution by Convection etc.

9. Seasonal variation of ATSR fire counts. Western Africa is one of the world’s most active biomass burning regions! Summer season Winter season

10. Aerosols (dust, biomass burning, secondary organic aerosols) African outflow SeaWiFS image – 26/02/00 (NASA/GSFC and ORBIMAGE Infra-Red Difference Dust Index – July 1983-98 (Brooks and Legrand, 2000)

11. WP4.1 To make, for the first time, comprehensive observations of the atmospheric composition within the WAM, and thereby to characterise the composition (trace gases and particles) of the different zones within the WAM system. (UEA, UMIST, Leeds, York, Leicester) GEOS-CHEM - 1997TOMS (CCD)- 1997 JJA SON MAM DJF Large difference between model and TOMS tropospheric O 3 columns over W. Africa Martin et al. [2002]

12. Dust Savanna Anthropogenic Biofuel Forest Biomass Burning Ocean Monsoon Flux Harmattan Flux Tropical rain forest (broadleaf evergreen) Deciduous forest – woodland savannah Brush-grass savannah Steppe (grass, brush, thicket) Semidesert Desert WP4.2 Relate the composition observed in the boundary layer to land surface and vegetation characteristics, as derived from satellite and ground-based observations in WP1 and WP2, and make a first attempt to derive airborne vertical fluxes of biogenic VOCs within the WAM. (UMIST, UEA, York)

13. WP4.3 Use the improved understanding of the dynamics (WP3) to evaluate the role of the monsoon circulation in transporting chemical constituents within the WAM region (e.g. boundary layer to mid-troposphere). (Leicester, Leeds, UEA) Latitude-pressure plot of equivalent potential temperature, with SAL boundaries (solid lines) and mixed layer (dashed), from JET2000 dropsondes.

14. WP4.4 Use the observational dataset to provide improved constraints on our understanding of how natural emissions (VOC and NO X ) impact the chemistry (e.g. O 3, HO X, secondary organic aerosol) of the WAM region, and the production of constituents that may be transported both into the TTL (WP5) and over regional and continental scales. This objective will relate the chemical control of the particulate material to its ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei and to affect the radiative properties of the particulates. (Leeds, Leicester, York, UMIST) H. Coe Organics Sulphate Nitrate Ammonium

15. WP4.5 Include the improvements made in the understanding of emissions (WP4.2), chemical degradation pathways (WP4.4) and on the temporal and spatial distribution of constituents (WP4.1, 4.3) in suitable models to investigate the global impact of biogenic emissions from the WAM region on the burden of O 3. (Cambridge) Link between TOMCAT and UM UM dynamics evaluated by other components within AMMA UK GEOS-CHEM - 1997TOMS (CCD)- 1997 JJA SON MAM DJF Martin et al. [2002]

16. Project structure UEA Cambridge Leeds Leicester UMIST York Leeds CEH Wallingford Cambridge Liverpool Input to WP4 Output from WP4

17. Links to AMMA-EU WP2.4 Aerosol and chemical processes in the atmosphere AMMA-EU Kick-off meeting WP2.4 Workshop on Wed 16 Feb pm