1. CHEMISTRY 161 Chapter 1

2. Chemistry arabic: al-kimya greek: khymeia latin: chimica ‘FUSION’ ~ 3,500 BC

3. Solar System Chemistry

4. Chemistry in Space Star FormationStar Destruction Amino AcidsSugars ASTROBIOLOGY

5. PROPERTIES OF MATTER physical chemical density color odor (determine w/o destruction of matter) reactivity (determine w/ destruction of matter) CHEMICAL REACTION STATE EXPERIMENT I EXPERIMENT II

6. decomposition (water) combination from two or more elements (exception: ozone O 3 ) EXPERIMENT III EXPERIMENT IV

7. ELEMENTS 1. cannot be decomposed by chemical means 2. different elements have different properties 3. each element is assigned a unique chemical symbol (one or two letters) (common language) a)first letter is always capitalized b)all remaining letter(s) are lower case EXPERIMENT V BOOK (112/114/116)

8. Measurements measurements are numerical (quantitative) observations how much? weight; volume; speed; energy; density; distance qualitative observations color, small what?

9. number error*unit Measurements *uncertainty

10. measurement unit symbol length meter m mass gram g time second s electrical current ampere A temperature Kelvin K amount of substance mole mol luminous intensity candela cd SI base unit all units are derived from 7 SI base units

11. derived units area length  width volume length  width  height velocity distance / time velocity / time acceleration Pressure [Pa; mbar, torr] 760 torr ~ 1013 mbar ~ 10 5 Pa Force [N] acceleration  mass force / area

12. number unit Measurements 50m s -1 300,000,000 m s -1

14. Decimal Multipliers prefix symbol factor power of 10 mega M 1000000 10 6 kilo k 1000 10 3 deci d 0.1 10 -1 centi c 0.01 10 -2 milli m 0.001 10 -3 1000 g 0.01 g 0.001 g

15. Conversion MeasurementEnglish to MetricMetric to English Length1 ‘’ = 2.54 cm 1 m = 39.37 in. 1 yd = 0.9144 m1 km = 0.6215 mile 1 mile = 1.609 km Mass1 lb = 453.6 g1 kg = 2.205 lb 1 oz = 28.35 g Volume1 gal = 3.785 L1 L = 1.057 qt 1 pt = 946.4 mL 1 oz (fluid) = 29.6 mL 1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm 3

16. NASA-Mars Polar Lander

17. Temperature 0 K -273 O C EXPERIMENT VI T[K] = T[ o C] + 273

18. number error unit Measurements measuring device inaccurate reading multiple measurements average (statistics) EXPERIMENT VII

19. Significant Digits T = 24.3 ºC (3 significant digits) T = 24.32 ºC (4 significant digits) 0.034 K 3.4  10 -2 0.0340 K 3.40  10 -2

20. Summary 1.Compounds & elements 2.SI units and conversion of units 3. errors 4. number of significant digits