1. Placing Objects in Time and Space Via A Landscape Approach Archaeological Survey and Sampling Jun Ueno Sunseri, UCSC, 2005

2. Topics to Cover What we are looking for ? –Archaeological sites, landscapes, and regions How do we find them? –Survey and sampling Processing what we’ve found: tools and approaches –GIS applications, syntheses, interpolations

3. What are we looking for? Sites: places with archaeologically discernible human behavior –Large sites: dense concentrations of artifacts, architecture, activity areas

4. What are we looking for? Sites: places with archaeologically discernible human behavior –Small sites: perhaps one clear activity or maybe ONLY occur away from big sites (mines, cemetaries, fields, etc.)

5. What are we looking for? Landscapes: natural and cultural - ”canvas” for spatial patterning –Ritual Landscapes: Indigenous knowledge systems

6. What are we looking for? Landscapes: natural and cultural - ”canvas” for spatial patterning –Ethnic Landscapes: Intersections of resources, cultures, and politics

7. What are we looking for? Landscapes: natural and cultural - ”canvas” for spatial patterning –Settlement ecology: culturally- constructed product of peoples’ lives in the environment

8. What are we looking for? Culturally - constructed regions –the relation of sites to each other (networks) –Relations to the environment (clay sourcing) –Multiple cultures on the landscape Frontiers Routes

9. How do we find them? Survey : attempt to create more complete picture of human behavior in 2D –Remote sensing: aerial photography, satellites, etc. –Surface inspections: on foot, by vehicle, by boat –Non-invasive technologies: Ground penetrating radar, magnetic interferometer, etc.

10. Archaeological Survey Remote sensing –Aerial Photography (Early example: Charles Lindbergh) –More recently, satellite imagery NASA databases decommisioned military images:800,000 Cold War CORONA images) [e.g. Tell Brak, Syria]

11. Archaeological Survey Surface inspections: on foot, by vehicle, by boat –Ground truth of some remote sensing –Design for maximum use of human and time resources

12. Archaeological Survey Non-invasive technologies: Ground penetrating radar, magnetic interferometer, etc. –reduces excavation and increases happiness with some communities –saves time and money on sampling (sometimes)

13. Sampling Getting part of a region or site with time and money constraints Systematic: space sample units evenly –squares, transects, etc. Random: gain representative sample of large areas – based on probability theory

14. Sampling Selective: research or community specific

15. Processing What We Find: GIS Interpolation: data about “non sites” and the “scatter between” Synthesis: various analyses (faunal, ceramic, lithic) can be integrated into a multi-dimensional understanding of a site/region/era Multiple scales of utilization for an analytical tool: regional, site sized, bones

16. GIS as an analytical tool for landscape research –Geomorphology, salvage archaeology, and placita-level landscape analysis

17. GIS as an analytical tool for landscape research –Valley level analysis of agricultural patterns related to different settlement groupings

18. Request for Loaners El Rito, NM – summer Anth 3 course Diversity of students/goals of project Rio Arriba economics Would you please consider giving or loaning your course texts and reader to El Rito students for the summer? I will assume responsibility for the safe return of loaner materials.

19. BREAK TIME Thank you!