1. PARSEC PARallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool objects R. L. Smart, A. Andrei, V. A. d'Avila, B. Bucciarelli, J. I. Camargo, M.T.Crosta, M. Darpa, H. R. A. Jones, M. G. Lattanzi, J. L. Penna OATo, Italy - ON/MCT, Brazil - UH, UK

2. Richard SmartIAU 248 2007-10-18 L + T Dwarfs Complex Mass-Luminosty-Metalicity-Age relation Same spectral type different luminosity or mass e.g. 0.05M start life as M, 0.1-1GYR L, finishes as a T Distances: luminosity, large numbers  LF assume a radius -> effective tempreature large velocities or low luminosity => sub-dwarfs over luminous => binary

3. Richard SmartIAU 248 2007-10-18 PARSEC Program to measure parallaxes of bright (z<20) L and T dwarfs Using WFI on the ESO 2.2m, target list of 140 objects 4/2007-7/2009 using Brazilian time, 4-6 epochs/year From 4/2009 on ESO time First results very encouraging – proper motions, magnitudes and some parallaxes…

4. Richard SmartIAU 248 2007-10-18 2MASS0719s50 18 month Solution Error < 4mas

5. Richard SmartIAU 248 2007-10-18 Surprises WFI has 0.5 degree field so lots of other objects #32 is a L0 #28 is a CPM M-dwarf

6. Richard SmartIAU 248 2007-10-18 Is it needed 1 All objects with parallaxes (81)

7. Richard SmartIAU 248 2007-10-18 Is it needed 1 All objects with parallaxes (81) In blue PARSEC target list

8. Richard SmartIAU 248 2007-10-18 Is it needed 1 All objects with parallaxes (81) In blue PARSEC target list In pink UKIRT list

9. Richard SmartIAU 248 2007-10-18 Basis for photometric parallaxes, aiming for 10 objects per spectral type Is it needed 2

10. Richard SmartIAU 248 2007-10-18 Is it needed 3 All L+T dwarfs within 50pcs.

11. Richard SmartIAU 248 2007-10-18 Gaia will “see” less than 100 L+T dwarfs Is it needed 3

12. Richard SmartIAU 248 2007-10-18 PARSEC – results - needed ESO OPC comment: “...The team proposes to determine the parallaxes of 140 cool dwarfs..... The science goals are clear and the panel considered that these observations should be done since the program is an excellent use of the 2.2m/WFI instrument....” ESO Ranking “... in the first quartile...” ESO time Zero