1. 2012 PDR 1 UPR-R(river) P(rock) X U n I v e r s I t y o f P u e r t o R I c o PDR November 1, 2011 Presentation Version 1.3

2. 2012 PDR PDR Presentation Content 2 Section 1: Mission Overview –Mission Overview –Organization Chart –Theory and Concepts –Concept of Operations –Expected Results –Subsystem Overview –System Level Block Diagrams –System Level Requirement Verification Plan –Payload Layout –Payload Pictures –RockSat-X 2011 User’s Guide Compliance Section 2: System Overview

3. 2012 PDR PDR Presentation Content 3 –Trade Studies –Subsystem Risk Matrix –Design Description –Schedule –Budget Section 3: Subsystem Design Section 4: Management Plan Section 5: Conclusions

4. 2012 PDR Section 1 Mission Overview 4

5. 2012 PDR Mission Overview 5 Mission Statement In representation of the University of Puerto Rico, as a team we intend to get involved in the renewed project RockSat X 2012. Our purpose is: To expand our knowledge and that of others in aerospace related areas. Carefully selected, the experiment that will be carried out includes mass spectroscopy to analyze molecular species and their respective partial pressures in near space. Also, we’re going to apply our new knowledge so that we don’t make the same mistakes. In this way we will contribute with valuable information for interstellar travel and advances benefiting the space bound crew to collect and replenish essential resources such as water and fuel. We will try our best to bring new and useful data to our investigation.

6. 2012 PDR Mission Overview Carrying out this experiment involves a set of minimum requirements. Our main tool will be two mass spectrometers (Residual Gas Analyzer, RGA) that will identify molecular species from 1 to 200 amu. Computers need to be modified for the communication with the mass spectrometry by telemetry. This is one of the most important requisites needed to carry out the project properly. It is also necessary to have a basic knowledge of science in the areas of chemistry and physics to understand several events/concepts that will be taking place. 6

7. 2012 PDR Mission Overview 1. We want to encourage future space voyagers to use gas molecules present in outer space to capture and synthesize necessary resources, such as water and fuel. 2. In this experiment, we expect to determine the abundance of different types of gas molecules that exist in the outer atmosphere and near outer space, using mass spectroscopy. 7

8. 2012 PDR Mission Overview Our data will provide preliminary information about the type of molecular gases that are found at different altitudes and densities. With this data, scientists can develop and apply mass spectrometry mechanisms for the capture and separation of specific species of gas molecules, or atoms to make the necessary resources needed in long distance space flights. 8

9. 2012 PDR Team Organization 2011-2012 Rocksat X 2012 Team Organization Rocksat X 2012 Team Organization Maxier Acosta (Section Leader 2) Maxier Acosta (Section Leader 2) Inés Robles (Team Member) Inés Robles (Team Member) Luis Betancourt (Team Member) Luis Betancourt (Team Member) Christian Almanzar (Team Member) Christian Almanzar (Team Member) Aihab Aboukheir (T) (Section Leader 3) Aihab Aboukheir (T) (Section Leader 3) Edith Alicea (Team Member) Edith Alicea (Team Member) Adriel Ortiz (Team Member) Adriel Ortiz (Team Member) Angélica Guzmán (Team Member) Angélica Guzmán (Team Member) Rodrigo Morell (Team Member) Rodrigo Morell (Team Member) Gabriela Padilla (Team Member) Gabriela Padilla (Team Member) Laura Bimbela (Team Member) Laura Bimbela (Team Member) Edgardo Martínez (Team Member) Eva Frontera (Team Member) Eva Frontera (Team Member) Marie C. Padín (Team Member) Marie C. Padín (Team Member) Abraham García (Team Member) Abraham García (Team Member) Eduardo Feliciano(S) (Section Leader 1) Eduardo Feliciano(S) (Section Leader 1) Milarys Hernández (Team Member) Gloricel Ramos (Team Member) Gloricel Ramos (Team Member) Felix Santiago (Team Member) Felix Santiago (Team Member) Jaime Santillán (Team leader) Jaime Santillán (Team leader) Samalis Santini Design Engineer Samalis Santini Design Engineer Orlando X Nieves (Team Member) Orlando X Nieves (Team Member) Gladys Muñoz (Faculty Support) Gladys Muñoz (Faculty Support) Oscar Resto (Mentor/PI) Pedro Meléndez Software Technical Leader Pedro Meléndez Software Technical Leader 9

10. 2012 PDR Team Rocksat X 2011-2012 10

11. 2012 PDR The Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an instrumental analytical method used to determine atomic masses using the combined properties of mass and electric charge. This will help to detect and measure the relative abundances of atomic and molecular species. The instrument will also measure the total amount of gas and the partial pressures of the species studied. The substances identified by electric charge/mass ratio will be: –Positively charge the molecules (ionize them). –Accelerate the ions through an alternating electromagnetic field that acts as a filter. –Detect the number of charged species vs. atomic mass. Theory and Concepts 11

12. 2012 PDR How the instrument works: Magnetic Filter Some limitations: Big and Heavy magnet weight is over 500 lbs. Limited Flexibility Electro-Magnetic Filter Some Advantage Small and lighter ionizer and quadruple weight is 5 lbs. More flexible to modifies to this experimentation 12

13. 2012 PDR How the instrument works (1): Step 1 Create the ions Measure the amount of the gas Measure the amount of the electrons that pass through by the source grid Measure the partial pressure Produce a beam of electrons [70eV] creating ions of the species Create a magnetic potential to accelerate the ions through the quadruple

14. 2012 PDR How the instrument works (2): Step 2 Filter the ions A quadruple mass filter consisting of an arrangement of 4 metal rods with a time-varying electrical voltage of the proper amplitude and frequency applied This mechanism helps us to select which ions will pass by his charge which is relative to their masses. The instrument can be program to scan only selected mass, applying a specific current, move and measure only the mass that we want to measure. Or can scan all the mass to 1 – 200 amu and see what we have in the time.

15. 2012 PDR How the instrument works (3): Step 3 Detect the filtered ions The ions that pass through the mass filter are focused toward a Faraday cup and the current is measured with a sensitive ammeter. The resultant signal being proportional to the partial pressure of the particular ion species passed by the mass filter.

16. 2012 PDR How the instrument works (4): Step 4 Amplify the signal Amplifies the current that the faraday cup receive approximately 10 -14 amps. The ions striking the B/A detector wire produce a comparatively larger current, on the order of 10 -9 amps at 3.3 x 10 -7 Torr.

17. 2012 PDR Concept of Operations t ≈ 1.3 min Altitude: 80 km Star Ionizing, Mass Spectra t ≈ 15 min Splash Down t ≈ 1.7 min Altitude: 95 km ReScan, Deployment of secong MS -G switch triggered -All systems on t = 0 min t ≈ 4.0 min Altitude: 95 km Start recovery sequences Apogee t ≈ 2.8 min Altitude: ≈120 km End of Orion Burn and Filaments ON t ≈ 0.6 min Altitude: 60 km t ≈ 4.5 min Altitude: 80 km Retract Complete Altitude t ≈ 5.5 min Chute Deploys 17

18. 2012 PDR Expected Results Mass Spectrometry output results in an integrated mass spectrum with all identifiable species represented by characteristic fragments of specific mass/charge ratio in specific proportions. Analyzing the results will determine what species are in the lower outer space. –Verify the near space and space composition. –Identify possible sources of energy and/or useful materials. –Help and contribute to the scientific community. 18

19. 2012 PDR 19 Expected gases in our atmosphere N 2, O 2, Ar, CO 2 He, Ne, Kr, Xe, H 2, N 2 O CH 4, O 3, H 2 O, CO, NO 2, NH 3, SO 2, H 2 S Concentration of N2, O2, O3, He 19

20. 2012 PDR Now, why two Mass Spectrometer? Analyzing the expected results, we conclude that we need two different MS. In the first one, it’s quadruple will measures all masses between 1 and 200 amu, to see all the species and their fragments that are in the outer space. In the second one, it’s quadruple will measures just the masses that we select to look, programming the instrument. This will help to verify the composition of the atmosphere. 20

21. 2012 PDR Section 2 System Overview 21

22. 2012 PDR Subsystem Overview 22

23. 2012 PDR System Level Block Diagram

24. 2012 PDR Requirement Verification 24 RequirementVerification MethodDescription The system shall survive the vibration characteristics prescribed by the Rocksat X program Test The system survived the vibration of the last flight and It will be subjected to vibration load again during testing week. The full system shall fit on a single RockSat-X deck InspectionOur payload has the same dimensions of the last flight, but we try to improve the final size. Visual Inspection will verify this requirement.

25. 2012 PDR Payload Layout We will use a stacked configuration. The sensor will be the same as a previous flight, two Mass Spectrometers. Mass Spectrometer #1 Mass Spectrometer #2 25

26. 2012 PDR Modifications & Improvements Modifications Improve Power supply. Improve Actuator devices. Improvements Replace all cables that were not made of teflon cable insulators. All wiring harness must have independent connectors. Software v.2.0 (UNIX Space Programming) 26

27. 2012 PDR Lessons’ Learned After failing vibration test, our modifications on mass spectrometers survived the last flight and splashdown. We have to use in our system teflon cable insulators. 27

28. 2012 PDR 3D image of our payload 28

29. 2012 PDR Actual Payload 29

30. 2012 PDR User Guide Compliance 30 RequirementStatus/Reason (If needed) Center of gravity in 1” plane of plateYes Max Height< 12”No – 14” Within Keep-OutYes Using < 10 A/D LinesNot in use Using/Understand Parallel LineNot in use Using/Understand Asynchronous Line19200 Baud Using X GSE Line (s)1 Using X Redundant Power Lines1 Using X Non-Redundant Power Lines3 Using < 1 AhTotal Ah 0.349 Using ≤ 28 V24V & 12V Weight ≤ 30lbs.No - 35lbs.

31. 2012 PDR Section 3 Subsystem Design 31

32. 2012 PDR Trade Studies For mainboard considering cost, number serial ports, power requirements and form factor, option A for the prototype will be VIA EITX-3001 Em-ITX. Programming will be done with Language-C. For I/O Board considering cost, configuration options and form factor, option A for the prototype will be RS- 232 Relay Controller 4-Channel 5 Amp SPDT + 8- Channel 8/10-Bit A/D which has more option for configuring the relay and has a smaller footprint. 32

33. 2012 PDR Risk Matrix Risk 1 – Computer system crash during flight and data could not be collected mission objectives could not be completed. Risk 2 – A boom arm failure during deployment occurs and probe performs measurements inside the payload. Risk 3 – Telemetry error between x86computer and wallops leaving experiment data only on the payload storage which will have survive landing on the sea. Risk 4 – Power failure on some of the component making function ability limited. 33 Consequence Risk 1 Risk 4 Risk 3Risk 2 Possibility

34. 2012 PDR Design Description 34

35. 2012 PDR Mechanical Design elements 35 Mechanical Front view design

36. 2012 PDR Mass Spectrometer 36

37. 2012 PDR Exploded Mass Spectrometer with Electronics 37

38. 2012 PDR Ionizer Assembly and Quadrupole Filter 38

39. 2012 PDR Mass Spectrometer RF Electronics Stack and Computer Control 39

40. 2012 PDR Electrical design element 40

41. 2012 PDR System ElectricalDiagram 41

42. 2012 PDR Wallops Interfacing: Power 42 Power Connector--Customer Side PinFunction 1Computer Power 2DC to DC power in (24V) 3 4 DC to DC power in (12V) 5Ground 6 7 8 9 Computer Power 10Boom arm 1 11Boom arm 2 12 Ground 13 Ground 14 Ground 15 Ground

43. 2012 PDR Wallops Interfacing: Telemetry 43 Telemetry Connector--Customer Side PinFunctionPinFunction 1TBD20 to mainboard parallel port 2 TBD 21 to mainboard parallel port 3 TBD 22 to mainboard parallel port 4 TBD 23 to mainboard parallel port 5 TBD 24 to mainboard parallel port 6 TBD 25 to mainboard parallel port 7 TBD 26 to mainboard parallel port 8 TBD 27 to mainboard parallel port 9 TBD 28 to mainboard parallel port 10 TBD 29 to mainboard parallel port 11 to mainboard parallel port 30 to mainboard parallel port 12 to mainboard parallel port 31 not used 13 to mainboard parallel port 32 to mainboard COM1 14 to mainboard parallel port 33 to mainboard COM1 15 to mainboard parallel port 34 not used 16 to mainboard parallel port 35 not used 17 not used36 ground 18 ground37 ground 19 ground Analog to digital converters line are not being use in the payload design for now because all sensor communicate via serial port to the computer directly

44. 2012 PDR Payload Assessment 44

45. 2012 PDR Rock-Sat X 2011-2012 45

46. 2012 PDR Rock-Sat X 2011-2012 46

47. 2012 PDR Rock-Sat X 2011-2012 Enjoying the work 47

48. 2012 PDR Examining RockSat X 2010-2011’s computer. 48

49. 2012 PDR Rocksat 2010-2011 team assisting on current payload 49

50. 2012 PDR Assessing current state of mass spectrometer 50

51. 2012 PDR Electronics of Recovered Spectrometer 51

52. 2012 PDR Disassembling the 2010-2011 Payload 52

53. 2012 PDR Section 4 Management Plan 53

54. 2012 PDR Schedule 54

55. 2012 PDR Schedule 55

56. 2012 PDR Schedule 56 * To be modified as experiment and tests’ findings progress.

57. 2012 PDR Payload Budget for Worst Scenario 57 *We are going to refurbish and reconstruct the payload with the parts that we already have.

58. 2012 PDR Section 5 Conclusions 58

59. 2012 PDR Conclusions 59 In representation of the University of Puerto Rico, as a team forming the Rocksat X 2012 project, we intend to accomplish a successful launch an experiment in order to expand our knowledge in aerospace related areas. The experiments performed in space were mass spectroscopy to analyze molecular species and their respective partial pressures. As this project was launched before, the focus will be to acquire complete data about the partial pressure of the species’ masses found in near space and space so a publication could be made with a more general amount of data.