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Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory Digital TV Standard NOV,26,2002 梁凱雯.

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Presentation on theme: "Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory Digital TV Standard NOV,26,2002 梁凱雯."— Presentation transcript:

1 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory Digital TV Standard NOV,26,2002 梁凱雯

2 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory Analog v.s. Digital TV

3 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory Introduction to Digital TV (1/3) Introduction to Digital TV (1/3)  What is Digital TV ? Access and display the TV programs with digital signals.  Advantages:  Higher resolution than the conventional analog TV. Why?

4 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory Introduction to Digital TV (2/3)  ATSC 數位電視標準 18 種畫面格式  高畫質數位電視 ( HDTV : High definition television )  加強畫質數位電視 ( EDTV : Enhanced definition television )  標準畫質數位電視 ( SDTV : Standard definition television ) 格式水平掃描線數水平畫素數寬高比掃描方式圖框速率 (fps) HDTV 1080p1080192016:9 循序式 24 1080p1080192016:9 循序式 30 1080i1080192016:9 交錯式 30 720p720128016:9 循序式 24 720p720128016:9 循序式 30 720p720128016:9 循序式 60 EDTV 480p48070416:9 循序式 24 480p48070416:9 循序式 30 480p48070416:9 循序式 60 480p4807044:3 循序式 24 480p4807044:3 循序式 30 480p4807044:3 循序式 60 480p4806404:3 循序式 24 480p4806404:3 循序式 30 480p4806404:3 循序式 60 SDTV 480i48070416:9 交錯式 30 480i4807044:3 交錯式 30 480i4806404:3 交錯式 30

5 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory Introduction to Digital TV (3/3)  Advantages:  Better performance in audio quality. How?  More efficient in bandwidth utilization.  Additional services with data broadcasting.  Special program coding.  Video on demand.  EPG ( electronic program guide ).  The advantages of digital TV broadcasting system come from the channel coding and digital modulation!

6 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory  Digital TV programs can be transmitted by cable,satellite,terrestrial,and wireless cable.  Three terrestrial standard:  ATSC ( Advanced TV system committee ) 1996,USA  DVB-T ( Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial ) 1997,European Adopted in Australia,New Zealand,Latin America,Singapore, Taiwan ( 2001,6 )  ISDBT-T( Integrated Service Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial) 1999,Japan Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting

7 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory DVB system scheme

8 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory Channel coding (1/3) Channel coding (1/3)  Randomizer  To avoid the unexpected results in the time recovery process of the receiver.  Outer coder  Reed-Solomon code  With the error correcting capability to random noise.  Outer Interleaver  When burst error occurr.RS code becomes invalid in correcting.  Interleaver divided the data in the same MPEG2 packet into different packets.

9 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory Channel coding (2/3)  Inner Coder  To protect the data from serious noise and disturbance transmitting media.

10 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory Channel coding (3/3)  Inner Interleaver  內交錯器共有兩種工作模式:非層次結構 (non-hierarchical) 模式和層次結構 (hierarchical) 模式  包括一個以位元為處理單位的位元交錯器 (bit interleaver) 與以 符號 (symbol) 為處理單位的符號交錯器 (symbol interleaver)  資訊傳送之前將會編碼成 QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) 、 16-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) 或 64- QAM 等二維訊號。  符號交錯器則是將各個符號對應到 (mapping) OFDM 符號中 不同的次載波 (sub-carrier) 。

11 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory MODULATION---OFDM  Multi-Carrier Modulation  Orthogonal sub-carriers with lower bit rate OFDM 信號由多個載波構成,在 2k 模式是 1705 個,在 8k 模式是 6817 個。一般來說,載波信號之間的分隔必須保証載波信號適合 6MHz 、 7MHz 或 8MHz 信道的要求。上述載波信號包括: 1. 節目資訊數據:每個載波信號的位數可變 (2 、 4 或 6 位 ) ; 2 .傳輸參數信令 (TPS) :傳輸與信道編碼和調制參數有關的資訊; 3 .導頻信號:用於接收機同步。該信號在比其它載波信號高的功 率電平上發射,它包括以下兩種類型: (a) 連續導頻: 8k 模式為 177 個, 2k 模式為 45 個; (b) 散佈導頻: 8k 模式為 524 個, 2k 模式為 131 個。 OFDM 信號的頻譜由 681 7 個 (8k 模式 ) 或 1705 個 (2k 模式 ) 不同頻率的 單頻離散載波組成,可見,這些頻率要藉 由一定時間的傳輸才能到達接收機,其時 域分佈如圖 3 所示,發送所有載波信號的這 段特定時間,稱之為有用數據周期 T u 。有 用數據的一部份會重复傳輸,且在 T u 之前 發送,這段時間稱作保護間隔,其主要目 的是消除回波和反射干擾。這些回波干擾 是多徑信號,會在電視上造成重影。正是 由於 COFDM 具備消除回波的功能,使其比 8-VSB 系統更具優勢,它可用於向移動電 視接收機傳輸電視信號。目前,人們又把 這一結構稱為 OFDM 符號,如圖 3 所示, OFDM 幀由 68 個 OFDM 符號組成, 4 個 OFDM 幀構成一個 OFDM 超級幀。

12 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory MODULATION---OFDM  OFDM 信號由多個載波構成,在 2k 模式是 1705 個,在 8k 模式是 6817 個 。一般來說,載波信號之間的分隔必須保証載波信號適合 6MHz 、 7MHz 或 8MHz 信道的要求。上述載波信號包括:  1. 節目資訊數據:每個載波信號的位數可變 (2 、 4 或 6 位 ) ;  2 .傳輸參數信令 (TPS) :傳輸與信道編碼和調制參數有關的資訊;  3 .導頻信號:用於接收機同步。該信號在比其它載波信號高的功率電 平上發射,它包括以下兩種類型:  (a) 連續導頻: 8k 模式為 177 個, 2k 模式為 45 個;  (b) 散佈導頻: 8k 模式為 524 個, 2k 模式為 131 個。

13 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory MODULATION---OFDM (continue)

14 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory ATSC v.s. DVB-T

15 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory ATSC v.s. DVB-T  Frequency efficiency  OFDM ---multi carrier modulation has more frequency efficiency than the single carrier modulation, VSB.  For 6 MHZ channel  DVB-T effective bandwidth=5.7MHZ(5.7/6=95%) ATSC effective bandwidth=5.38MHZ(5.38/6=90%)  But the OFDM transmission system finally becomes the worse case in the frequency utilization. WHY?

16 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory ATSC v.s. DVB-T  Multi-path interference  ATSC receiver contains an adaptive equalizer to reduced the effects of multipath interference.  DVB-T receiver contains a channel estimator which helps it reject interference such as multipath.  The pilot signals and the time interval preserved are the main concern of the DVB-T,it makes the DVB-T system has advantages than the ATSC 8-VSB system in the multipath interference.

17 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory Conclusion  DTV 將成為視訊廣播系統的主流是可預期的趨勢。  數位電視廣播提供了較佳的畫面品質與更好的音質,有更 佳的頻譜使用效率,此外,能夠提供各種數據服務。  由於地面廣播的通道特性變化劇烈,系統容易不穩定,信 號之振幅,相位容易受到多路徑延遲的影響,歐規之 DVB- T 系統對此的表現較美規 ATSC 來的好,台灣已決定採用 DVB-T 作為地面廣播的標準。

18 Electrical Engineering National Central University Video-Audio Processing Laboratory References  數位視訊多媒體月刊 2002,8 數位視訊多媒體月刊  http//:www.dvb.com.tw  http//:www.wmr.com/html/Fact_about_DVB-T.htm  ATSC Implementation Subcommittee Informational Document.  Measurement guidelines for DVB system,ETSI TR 101 290 v1.2.1(2001,5)


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