1. Networks Evolving? Justin Champion C208 Ext:3723 www.staffs.ac.uk/personal/engineering_and_technology/jjc1

2. Network Future Contents  Why  IPv6  NFC

3. Network Future Why change? The networks have been designed for voice  This is changing now in a big way  Currently we can see a increase in the amount of data traffic GPRS EDGE UMTS  All giving access to the Internet as a minimum MMS Increased SMS usage  Future Already discussed in this module  Voice will be sent in a packet driven format  This changes the current uses of the networks

4. Network Future Currently  Telephone networks use ATM Asynchronous Transport Mode (ATM) This is a reliable method of moving large amounts of data  Each time you wish to move data a ‘Virtual’ circuit is created  All your packets are moved through this circuit In this respect QOS is guaranteed because your circuit is ensured to you during that communication

5. Network Future ATM is designed for data movement when a QOS is required  Small packets called “Cells” used data transfer Minimise the impact on the network, in the event of a error Maximum data rate currently is 10 GBps  Soon to have the 100 GBps version released

6. Network Future Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)  is now being discussed as a replacement for the core network  Original name for this was IP Next Generation  Named after the Star Trek series of the same name RFC3314, September 2002, is the discussion document RFC3314 The use of IP would allow packets to be sent from the Internet directly to the device  Each device would become part of the Internet  Allowing better security (IPSEC)  Peer to peer communications  IPv6 does support QOS  Mobile IP

7. Network Future Internet Protocol (IP)  Referred to as IP Addresses  Every device on the Internet has a unique IP address This allows packets of data to be transferred to the device using this unique ID Consider this to be the same as your house address.  This is unique and allows the postal service to route (deliver) mail to you house (Whether you want it or not!)

8. Network Future Internet Protocol (IP)  These addresses look like 192.168.10.1 To see your IP address on your machine  Open a command window and type “IPconfig” you should see this

9. Network Future Why IPv6?  The main reason was the lack of IP addresses in version 4 Even by using address saving techniques ½ of the available addresses are being used As mobile devices get and keep an IP address this will cause more problems  Other devices are now attaching to the Internet Game consoles, PS2, X-BOX, etc Household devices, the Internet fridge! www.lginternetfamily.co.uk/fridge.asp, $8000 when available www.lginternetfamily.co.uk/fridge.asp IPv6 Addresses  128 bit address  Every grain of sand in the world can have an IP address!

10. Network Future IPv6 Quality of Service (QOS)  Two parts of the header support this Traffic Class Flow Label  The QOS in the Traffic Class is divided into two parts Packets which will back off in the event of a problem Packets which will not back off in the event of a problem  Traffic class Is issued by the application on the device  Issue still exists to prevent everyone from issuing the highest traffic priority to everything This would remove the benefits of the traffic class field

11. Network Future IPv6 Quality of Service (QOS)  Flow label Allows a packet of information to be classified as being part of a transport taking place  IPv4 treats each packet as an individual packet to be delivered with no knowledge 20 Bit unique ID  Given to each flow though the network, by the initiating node

12. Network Future IPv6 Quality of Service (QOS)  Flow label Issued by the sending device  Used in combination with the Destination and Source address, this gives a unique code  If multiple streams are needed to the same location The Transport protocol ports are also used to make it unique There is a performance issue with using the transport protocol as well

13. Network Future IP security (IPSEC)  Considered for IPv6, is available under IPv4  Support for IPv6 devices is mandatory Advantages  Invisible to the communicating device’s as this is carried out a layer lower than transport  The IP Payload is encrypted IP Encrypted Payload IPv6 Header

14. Network Future IP security (IPSEC)  Encryption method used will depend on the end user Issues still around the distribution of the encryption keys Specifications Document  RFC 2408, Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)

15. Network Future Mobile IP  Allows the mobile device to attach to another network Once this is done the traffic sent to the “Normal” connection point will be forwarded to the new location This allows all already in place communications to remain

16. Network Future Mobile IP  The device will be issued with a “Care of Address” (COA) This COA is then sent to a Home Agent (HA)  Any communications to the original IP address are then grabbed by the HA  These are then repackaged and sent to the new address for the node  The node can then send back a notice to the sender of the new location At this point the sending node will redirect packets to the new address

17. Network Future How will mobile phones benefits?  Will allow each device to have a unique IP address This will allow end to end sending of IP Packets  Currently the packets are sent to the proxy  The proxy then sends them to the device Allows Peer to Peer communications Allows security to be used with the Internet

18. Network Future Benefit  The mobile phone becomes part of the Internet Internet Phone Network

19. Network Future New Technologies  Near Field Communications (NFC) The standards body for this group was setup on the 18 th March 2004  www.nfc-forum.org Standard group created by Nokia, Sony and Phillips Allow configuration of the devices and limited data communications

20. Network Future NFC  This is intended for short distance communications with limited throughput Standards currently discussed are  106 Kbps  212 Kbps  424 Kbps Maximum distance would be 20 Centimetres  To allow communication the devices would nearly need to be touching on a special area called a “Hot spot” Frequency  13.56 MHz

21. Network Future NFC  If the intention of the group was this then this is of limited use Bluetooth can give a higher throughput over a larger distance The intention of this technology is to use it to configure the other faster technologies !

22. Network Future NFC – The concept  Two users wish to communicate They put there devices close to each other  Almost touching each other Communications will be established  Half-duplex communications, allowing only one device to communicate.  The two devices will exchange the capabilities to each other  Agreement will then be reached on the best way to communicate in the future

23. Network Future NFC – The concept  This could be Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Hiperlan or a future technology NFC will take responsibly for agreeing all of the communications  Setting it up and agreeing a unique encryption key to be used This will allow none technical people to use the wireless technology  Configuration is as simple as putting the devices together for a second or two

24. Network Future NFC – The concept  Once configured NFC will switch off Communications after this will take place in the other technology  More futuristic use for NFC If you wish to purchase a ticket for a show  Put your device next to poster and this purchase will happen Whether this part of the technology takes off will depend on other technology

25. Network Future Conclusion  IPv6 Benefits for the mobile network  NFC Communications Configuring devices