1. Future of Grids Mihir Chitnis, Shibu Daniel, and Casey Rathbone

2. What is grid computing? 09/09/0809/09/082http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

3. Grid Computing A coordinated collection of computers, capable of orchestrated data analysis. Can be a loosely coupled, heterogeneous, geographically dispersed network or can be a huge warehouse filled with rack mounted servers all built with the same components 09/09/0809/09/083http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

4. What is cloud computing? 09/09/08 4http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

5. Cloud Computing Cloud Computing is the ability to dynamically acquire resources on demand to complete the process. This is similar to the On-Demand program with digital cable. When you request to see a specific show (Issue a command) it automatically starts streaming that show to your television (Acquires resources to complete the process). 09/09/0809/09/085http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

6. Future of Grid & Cloud Computing Third party computing and storage utilities (Virtual Machines) - Foster, McCarthy (circa, 1960) – Reduce cost of computing – Increase reliability – Increase flexibility from locally operated machines to third party Access to grids via a credit card It appears that the future computing will be more like a energy commodity (gas, electric, etc.) Groud? 09/09/0809/09/086http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

7. Current Grid Security (Globus Toolkit) Authentication GSI in Globus Toolkit uses PKI. (verifiable certificate issued) Authorization Each individual needs to be explicitly authorized Accounting Information about resource usage 09/09/087http://cyberaide.org

8. Future of Grid Security OpenID for authentication – It provides a digital identity which can be authenticated. – Get rid of multiple username/passwords – Achieve a single sign on Authorization – Security tokens (username/password or X.509) – These tokens are sent as part of a SOAP message to verify authorized users – CAs manage digital certificates – X.509 extensions for impersonation certificates in Globus 09/09/0809/09/088http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

9. Security Tokens Image Source : http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-soap- message-security-1.0.pdf 09/09/0809/09/089http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

10. Unsigned Security Tokens 09/09/0809/09/0810http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

11. Signed Security Tokens 09/09/0809/09/0811http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

12. E-Waste 09/09/0809/09/0812http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

13. Green IT "optimal use of information and communication technology (ICT) for managing the environmental sustainability of enterprise operations and the supply chain, as well as that of its products, services, and resources, throughout their life cycles." -Simon Mingay 09/09/0809/09/0813http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

14. Action Taken Green Grid : is a nonprofit consortium comprising several high-tech companies that work to find energy-efficient solutions for powering and cooling data centers. AMDs quad-core processors now use as much power as its dual-core counterparts Intel working on removing isopropyl alcohol in the chip manufacturing process 09/09/0809/09/0814http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

15. Action Taken Apple recycled 13mn lbs. of e-waste in 2006 HP 250 mn lbs. of e-waste in 2007 (50% increase YoY) Microsoft Windows Vista has power management features turned on by default Dell and other vendors created PCs that consume less that 5 watt in low-power mode 09/09/0809/09/0815http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

16. Green IT Statistics* : – Data center energy use doubled between 2000 and 2006. And by 2012, it's expected to double again. – For many industries, data centers are one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions. – Between now and 2010, U.S. demand for data center energy will require the equivalent of 10 new power plants. Green Grid's Data Center 2.0 offers ways to minimize energy use for both old and new data centers *source http://uptimeinstitute.org/content/view/168/57 09/09/0809/09/0816http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org

17. References http://www.lesc.ic.ac.uk/admin/security.html http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms951273.aspx http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws- security.html http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/feb2008/id200 80211_204672.htm http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,s id80_gci1312412,00.html http://ianfoster.typepad.com/blog/2008/01/theres-grid-in.html 09/09/08 17http://cyberaide.orghttp://cyberaide.org