1. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 1 Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics IBSAL Shahab Sokhansanj and Anthony Turhollow Oak Ridge National Laboratory

2. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 2 Organization  Overview  Example  Elements of the model  IBSAL demonstration  Conclusions

3. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 3 Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) Model

4. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 4 Feedstock Cost Reduction Target 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2000

5. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 5 At the present, average delivered cost of agricultural residues is about $52 per dry ton. The target is to reduce the delivered costs to $30 per dry ton.

6. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 6 Baseline costs based on spreadsheet analysis $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $/dry ton Base case - - Large round bales Chopper head w/ low cost storage Chopper head w/o storage Other costs Processing Haul to plant Storage Move to storage Collection Farmer payments

7. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 7 IBSAL Model - Description  The Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) model has been developed to simulate physical flow of biomass from collection to biorefinery.  IBSAL integrates technology and management information system for collecting, storing, processing, and transporting biomass.  IBSAL model functions similar to ASPEN model used for analysis of process engineering in chemical industry.  IBSAL model is made up of modules each representing a biomass handling process.

8. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 8 Elements of the model  Mathematical model of field and off-the-field operations.  Data on biomass physical characteristics - yield, physical and chemical changes in dry matter, moisture relations, density.  Climate variables (temperature, precipitation)  Quantities and geographical distribution of biomass material.  Cost data and costing method.  Emissions and soil compaction data (not yet implemented).  Biomass management information system.

9. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 9 Three scenarios for collection and supply of stover and straw to biorefinery

10. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 10 Parameters Straw Stover Removable net yield (t/ha) 2.743.785 Working days 365.365 Annual demand (t)547500.547500 Cultivated area required (ha)199818.144650 Supply area (ha)1105199.387314 Supply area dimensions (km)105.62 Number of 100-ha lands1998.1446 Dry ton, yield, acreage, and number of farms for a 1500 dry ton per day biorefining operation

11. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 11 Input data BIOMASS AVAILABILITY vs. time  The National Agricultural Statistics Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture publishes the progress of a number of major crops during a growing season.  The data is available at http://www.nass.usda.gov:81/ipedb.http://www.nass.usda.gov:81/ipedb

12. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 12 Location model 1/n 1 =1    1 S1S1 S2S2 S3S3 P d s1 d s2 d s3 1/n 2 =8/9    2 1/n 3 =1    3 R2R2 (x s2,y s2 ) (x i,y i ) A f,i Y 2,i Three intermediate stores: S 1, S 2, S 3 One conversion plant: P

13. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 13 Harvest weather conditions for Blair in 2000

14. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 14 www.imaginethatinc.com

15. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 15 Collection & supply of stover Scenario 1 - baling  55 shredders $4.70/dt  40 balers $9.30 /dt  18 sp bale movers $18.46/dt  10 tarping crew $2.88/dt  12 bale loaders & 8 bale trucks $9.46/dt  3 grinders $6.99/dt  Overall cost $50.85/dt  Operating cost $21,068,482  Dry ton in 516,232  Dry ton out 509,931  Energy in/Energy out 0.12  Scenario 2 - loafing  55 shredders $4.84/dt  40 loafers (stackhand) $6.68 /dt  3 grinder and 8 loaders $7.79/dt  10 trucks $11.90/dt  Overall cost $34.89/dt  Operating cost $16,592,453  Dry ton in 554,094  Dry ton out 473,341  Energy in/Energy out 0.12

16. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 16 Collection & supply of stover Scenario 3 – Wet storage (ensiling)  50 forage sp harvesters & 80 forage wagons $22.75/dt  1 silage pit/100 ha & 8 Compactors (85 hp tractor) $13.09/dt  18 wheel loaders & 19 trucks $16.22/dt  Overall cost $55.13/dt  Operating cost $21,003,064  Dry ton in 565,059  Dry ton out 531,155

17. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 17 Available Collected Stored Delivered Progress of biomass availability, collection, and transport operations – cool and wet climate Collection Completion 224 days

18. O AK R IDGE N ATIONAL L ABORATORY U. S. D EPARTMENT OF E NERGY 18 Conclusions  EXTEND TM provides a convenient object oriented language to implement the dynamic simulation of biomass supply.  IBSAL considers time-dependent availability of biomass and the effects weather conditions have on the progress of harvest.  The program predicts the number and size of equipment and storage spaces to meet the rate of harvest and biorefinery demand schedule for feedstock.  The delivered cost of biomass is calculated based on the utilization rate of the machines and storage spaces.  The energy efficiency of the system is calculated