1. Future Scientific Journals Anna Lundén Library and Information Science, M.Sc. EBSCO Information Services Helsinki, 8 October 2004

2. 2 Agenda History Present The e-resource life-cycle Open Access - pros & cons Summary Future - Conclusion

3. 3 History Scientific journals run by academia up to World War 2 Information explosion -- entrance of commercial publishers “Serial Crisis” - univ.libraries´ purchasing power has declined, forced to cancel journals 1990-2000 average annual price more than 10% increase

4. 4 Present Figures 100,000+ serials 20,000 scientific periodicals 1.5 million scientific articles 1 in 5 publications is accessible online

5. 5 Claiming User IDs Admin module information Preferences (store) Holdings lists Access restrictions View rights for use Provide Support Evaluate Monitor Problem log Hardware needs Software needs Contact info Troubleshoot/ triage Usage stats Downtime analysis Review problems User feedback Administer New processes introduced Trial use Assess need/budget License terms Order Pay Price Evaluate IP Addresses Register Proxy Servers Catalog Portals/Access lists Campus authentication URL maintenance Acquire Provide Access E-resource life cycle

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8. 8 Major players in the market For-profit publishers Non-profit publishers Libraries (Scholars/Authors)

9. 9 Publishers 3,000+ research and scholarly publishers But 5 publishers produce 5,000 journals (33%) 66% of scholarly jnls outside Big Deals 80% of all jnls outside Big Deals 50% of spend (or more) can be on 33% of the content

10. 10 Business Models Traditional - “Reader Pays” - subscription fee based New - “Author Pays” or “Pay-to-publish” - submission fee based

11. 11 OA Initiatives Putting peer-reviewed scientific and scholarly literature on the internet. Making it available free of charge and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. Removing the barriers to serious research. DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals (Lund University Libraries) http://www.doaj.org http://www.doaj.org SPARC Open Access Forum and Newsletter http://www.arl.org/sparc/soa/index.html http://www.arl.org/sparc/soa/index.html News from the Open Access Movement http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/fosblog.html http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/fosblog.html

12. 12 Open Access (OA) OA journals: OA journals conduct peer review OA journals typically let authors retain copyright. Some OA journal publishers (like the PLoS) are non-profit, and some (like BMC) are for-profit.

13. 13 Open Access (OA) OA archives or repositories: OA archives can be organised by discipline (e.g. arXiv for physics) or institution (e.g. eScholarship Repository for the Univ. of California). When universities host OA archives, they are usually committed just as much to long-term preservation as to open access. OA archives can contain preprints, postprints, or both.

14. 14 OA and Libraries Strongest supporters of OA Solution to the “serial crisis” Longer term; “budget crisis” - univ. use OA as an excuse to cut the library budget, must have money to help university scholars pay for author fees in the OA journals.

15. 15 OA and Researchers OA´s submission fees increase the expense of disseminating research, which could reduce the amount of research - indirectly harming readers Subscription fee model reduces number of readers as libraries cancel subscriptions - indirectly harming authors Gives the researcher a choice Opinions vary depending on the discipline (i.e microbiology very positive)

16. 16 OA and Non-Profit Publishers Broader readership Combat threats by bundling strategies (“Big Deals” ) Combat decline of individual (non- institutional) subscription Are the authors (or funding sources) willing to pay?

17. 17 OA and Commercial Publishers Less profitable business model Less market power OA journals tougher competitors than average Co-ordinated boycott

18. 18 Hybrid Example Springer Open Choice an hybrid example from a for-profit publisher The one-time Open Choice charge ($3,000) allows the author to make the article permanently archived and freely available via SpringerLink to anyone, anywhere in the world for viewing, full- text searching, and downloading.

19. 19 OA and Agents Support efforts to find publishing and distribution models that are economically feasible over the long run for both customers and producers of scientific journals. Expanding the “membership sales” into money collection from authors/funding bodies seems to be one possibility. Provide better A-Z services.

20. 20 i.e. in EBSCO´s A-to-Z list the library is allowed to easily include OA journal packages

21. 21 European Commission Study The European Commission has launched a study on the economic and technical evolution of the scientific publication markets in Europe. The study should answer the following: What are the main changes in Europe? What and who is driving change and why? What are the consequences for users (authors, readers, libraries)?

22. 22 European Commission Study Goal Improve conditions governing access to and the exchange, dissemination and archiving of scientific publications while guaranteeing a high level of quality, diversity and protection of authors´s rights.

23. 23 Summary/Conclusions Today Most e-jnls come as part of a big deal Admin rather ‘simple’ Traditional “Reader Pays” model applies Tomorrow Big deals more selective Admin challenging Open Access “Pay-to- Publish” model gains ground

24. 24 Important question Which model is best for society as a whole? - Should be what´s best for scholars as both authors and readers!

25. 25 Thank you! Questions? Contact: alunden@ebsco.com