1. Introduction To Wireless World Speaker: Jerry Gao Ph.D. San Jose State University email: jerrygao@email.sjsu.edu URL: http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/gaojerry

2. Topic: Introduction To Wireless World - Needs and Trends - Wireless Market - Technology Trends - History of Wireless Data and Network - Major Benefits and Advantages - Wireless Spectrum - Wireless Frequency Bands - Wireless Technologies - Issues and Challenges Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000 Presentation Outline All Rights Reserved

3. Source: http://www.eurotechnology.com/imode/faq-wap.htmlhttp://www.eurotechnology.com/imode/faq-wap.html Figure 1: The World’s Wireless Internet Users Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World Demand of Wireless Internet Access

4. Wireless Market Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World

5. Needs of Mobile Access The Yankee Group projects that by 2004 more than 40% of wireless users in the United States will have direct Internet access from their mobile devices Robinson Humphrey (an investment group) predicts that by 2004 in the United States, 50% of internet hits will originate from wireless devices. According to eTForecasts 1 and Global Mobile 2, in the year of 2000, there are 468 million mobile users. This number is much higher than the number, 365 million, of Internet users in 2000. The Kelsey Group estimated that the U.S. wireless advertising market would be $35 million in 2000 3. Jupiter Media Metrix predicted that the market would be 600 million by 2003 4. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World

6. What are the diving force in the wireless world? Technology drivers: Emergence of standards Network ubiquity and interconnection Emergence of affordable and powerful terminal devices Business drivers: Explosive growth of the Internet Opportunity for new revenue models Need to differentiate services and improve customer retention Need to expand reach to new customers Usage drivers: Mobility needs among business professionals, such as access to intranet information while at a customer site. Need for people to be in touch with friends and family all the time; need for people to access information as part of an “on-the-go” life style Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World

7. Technology Trends Mobile Telephone Users Internet Users Millions Source: Ericsson Radio Systems, Inc. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World

8. Technology Trends % of main lines that are mobile phones By Year 2002: –One in three telephones will be mobile –Mobility becomes a lifestyle Source: Economist, 4 May 2000 Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World

9. The Mobile Internet Value Chain Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World User Device Manufacturer Mobile Internet Access Provider (Network Provider) Infrastructure Vendor Content Aggregator (Portal) Application Service Provider Content Provider Content Creator

10. History of Today’s Wireless Data By the early 1940s, several thousand police cars equipped with two-way mobile radios had established the important of wireless communications Using Point-to-Point Communication from a central location. In 1946, the first public mobile telephone systems were introduced in 25 U.S. cities, providing businesses and individuals with the ability to make calls to destinations 30 miles or more away, while the users were in transit. –Limited coverage and reassigned channels –Limited number of subscribers –No connection to the public telephone system The early mobile networks expanded slowly due to the major issues: - frequency limitations and technological shortcomings. During 1950s and 1960s, telephone companies around the world worked to address these limitations by developing the theories behind cellular radio technology. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World

11. History of Today’s Wireless Data The Cellular Systems: –In the late 1960s, when ATAT proposed a cellular telephone network to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the principles of cellular communication were known, but the technology to implement them would not be available until more than a decade later. –In 1979, the Japanese firm Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Company deployed the first cellular system. It was followed in 1981 by the deployment of a cellular system that covered much of Europe. –In 1983, the FCC finally allocated enough radio spectrum to support the first domestic cellular telephone network. It is called the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), remains in place today, providing what is typically called analog cellular service by wireless providers. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World

12. History of Today’s Wireless Data Industry Partnerships: The past 20 y ears have brought a series of revolutionary movements in both Wireless telephony and wireless data. –In 1980, IBM and Motorola joined forces to form ARDIS, a separate entity responsible for providing wireless data to mobile workers, such as field service technicians. The ARDIS network was rapidly adopted by outside clients such as Otis Elevator. This network is still operating today. –In 1986, Ericsson developed Mobitex, the foundation of the RAM Mobile Data network. The network initially was set up in Europe and U.S. to provide wireless data to vertical markets. BellSouth acquired RAM Mobile Data limited in June 1998, and deployed 13 networks worldwide. –More recently, Cingular Wireless took control of domestic Mobitex network which provides the backbone for the first generation Palm.Net service, used by the successful Palm m705 – and Paml VIIx – connected organizers. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World

13. History of Today’s Wireless Data Recent Advances: –In the early 1990s, advancements in cellular voice technology allowed the use of existing cellular networks for data transmission by employing Cellular Digital Package Data (CDPD). CDPD works with existing first – and second – generation AMPS cellular systems -> Simple and easy installation Cheap to upgrade Larger coverage and more capacity –More recently, the advent of digital cellular networks, including Global Service for Mobile (GSM) in Europe and North America along with the various Personal Communication Services (PCS) networks in U.S. has provided an even broader range of services for wireless data. – –By 2005, there will be as many wireless subscribers as there are wired service subscribers. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World

14. Benefits and Advantages Provide people with a new life style with mobility –Mobility to search and receive real-time dynamic information from the wireless network anywhere, anytime, and location. –Mobility to conduct business workflow, trading transactions, and events. –Mobility to connect to services for customers. –Mobility to learn, work, play, and communicate with each other. For network vendors and organizations: –A complex, costly, and degradation-prone wiring infrastructure is no longer needed. –Ease of installation - With no wires to configure users can be added very quickly without the traditional waiting period associated with a wired network. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World

15. For businesses: –Provide an end-to-end, flexible, mobile and personal channel to interact with customers. –Support all types of end-to-end application services to their customers in anytime, anywhere, and any device. –Provide new wireless solutions enable users to access information whenever and however they want. –Improve e-CRM (customer relationship management) in a mobile way – that is “any device, anytime, anywhere”. Wireless Benefits and Advantages Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World

16. Needed Technologies and Solutions Bluetooth Networks and Technology Wireless LAN Cellular Network Systems Mobile Data Network Systems WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)-based Network Wireless Web or Wireless Internet (such as iMode) Technologies for mobile terminal device –Web phones, Handhelds, Pagers, PDAs, Pocket PCs. Solutions and technologies for M-commerce Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20002All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World

17. Frequencies For Exclusive Purchase – 2.4 GHz Industrial/Scientific/Medical(ISM) not sold but reserved for free use – 2.5 GHz Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Services(MMDS) – 5.7 GHz (U-NII) - not sold but reserved for free use – 28 GHz Local Multipoint Distribution Services(LMDS) Frequencies Segregated into Bands – 200 MHz at 2.5 GHz (MMDS) – 100 MHz at 5.7 GHz (U-NII) – 1.3 GHz at 28 GHz (LMDS) Topic: Introduction To Wireless World Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved What Wireless? What Spectrum?

18. Frequencies For Exclusive Purchase – 2.4 GHz Industrial/Scientific/Medical(ISM) not sold but reserved for free use – 2.5 GHz Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Services(MMDS) – 5.7 GHz (U-NII) - not sold but reserved for free use – 28 GHz Local Multipoint Distribution Services(LMDS) Frequencies Segregated into Bands – 200 MHz at 2.5 GHz (MMDS) – 100 MHz at 5.7 GHz (U-NII) – 1.3 GHz at 28 GHz (LMDS) Topic: Introduction To Wireless World Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved What Wireless? What Spectrum?

19. Wireless Frequency Bands Topic: Introduction To Wireless World Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Extremely Low Very Low MediumHighVery High Ultra High Super High InfraredVisible Light Ultra- violet X-Rays Audio AM Broadcast Short Wave RadioFM Broadcast Television Infrared wireless LAN Cellular (840MHz) NPCS (1.9GHz) 5 GHz (IEEE 802.11) HyperLAN HyperLAN2 2.4 – 2.4835 GHz 83.5 MHz (IEEE 802.11) 902-928 MHz 26 MHz

20. Wireless Technologies INTERNETCellular GPSWireless LANFixed Wireless PDAs, Cell Phones DATA/Voice integration CORE Networks“Last Mile” Access 28GHz –LMDS vs. 5.7GHz U-NII 5 miles @ 45 Mbps P2MP 5 miles @ 155 Mbps P2P LMDS “Wireless Anywhere” 840Mhz @ 15Kbps to 36Kbps ISP providers Central Office Cellular IEEE 802.11/b 2.4 GHz DSSS vs. FHSS 200m@10Mbps Cellular Operator CO Core FCC certified Web Servers ISPs Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved

21. On the equipment side – Less powerful CPUs – Less memory (ROM and RAM) – Restricted power consumption – Smaller displays – Different input devices (e.g., a phone keypad, voice input, etc.) On the network side – Less bandwidth – More latency – Less connection stability – Less predictable availability Challenges in Wireless Implementation Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/20000All Rights Reserved Topic: Introduction To Wireless World