1. Understanding Census Geography Lisa Neidert NPC Workshop: Analyzing Poverty and Socioeconomic Trends Using the American Community Survey July 12 – July 15, 2010

2. Census Geography

3. Geographic Areas: with 1-year and 3-year data

5. What’s available in the ACS for single year data: via maps  Maps showing counties and places for each state (or the nation)  http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/users_guide/acs_200 8_reference_maps.htm http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/users_guide/acs_200 8_reference_maps.htm

6. Counties with single year data: ACS 2008

7. Almost all counties: DE, MA

8. Few counties, no places: VT and WY

9. State with American Indian Places: AK, AL, LA, NC, OK

10. Counties with 3-year data: ACS 2006-2008

11. States where all counties are over 20,000  Connecticut  Delaware  District of Columbia  New Hampshire  New Jersey  Rhode Island

12. What geographies are available in the 2006-2006 ACS http://www.census.gov/acs/www/acs-php/2006_2008_beginner_users_guide.php

13. Geographical Areas (Texas): Covered in 2006-2008  ACS 2006=2008 Geographical Areas ACS 2006=2008 Geographical Areas

14. What’s available in the ACS: via Look-up tables  Geographic entities available for 1-year data (2008) Geographic entities available for 1-year data (2008)  Geographic entities available for 3-year data (2006-2008) Geographic entities available for 3-year data (2006-2008)

15. Not ready for prime-time: census tracts and zip codes  Need 5-year estimates file 2005 – 2009 Available 2010 for Census Tracts; 2011 for Zip Codes  Annual updates thereafter 2006 – 2010 2007 – 2011, etc.  Possible delay for 5-year data – only an unsubstantiated rumor

16. Example Census Tracts for community districts

17. Zip codes  Not census geography However, big demand for zip code data  Census Bureau builds ZCTAs via census blocks  ZCTA FAQs http://www.census.gov/geo/ZCTA/zctafaq. html  Fun resource http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_code

18. What to do with a 2011 release of zip code data?  See Exercise 4: http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/dis/workshop/npc2010/Exercis e4_DealingWithDelays.pdf http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/dis/workshop/npc2010/Exercis e4_DealingWithDelays.pdf  This exercise shows how to build zip code characteristics from census tract characteristics

19. What are PUMAs?  Public Use Microdata areas  Combination of population geographies that sum to at least 100,000 population.  In rural areas, several counties will form a PUMA. In an urban area, a county will be subdivided into multiple PUMAs.  PUMAs do not cross state boundaries

20. PUMAs....  PUMAs do not have good comparability over time (1990, 2000).  PUMA geographies for the ACS are the same as the 2000 boundaries  PUMAs are reasonable substitutes for counties  Smallest geography available in the microdata.

21. PUMAs  Can be valuable for bypassing geographic restrictions when one wants national information at the county level  Create pseudo counties based on a cross-walk between PUMAs and counties

22. Statistics based on 1-year ACS data Unit is county

23. Statistics based on 3-year ACS data Unit is county

24. Statistics based on 1-year ACS data Unit is PUMA

25. Illinois example: PUMA to county example

26. PUMA to County Widget  Based on PDQ-Explore output http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/dis/data/resource/detail/1527  Based on American FactFinder output http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/dis/data/resource/detail/1528  Try one this week

27. Class Exercises Today  http://mblog.lib.umich.edu/NPC2010/archives/class_exercises/index.html http://mblog.lib.umich.edu/NPC2010/archives/class_exercises/index.html  Poverty Hot-spots (ACS 2008)  Census tract data (Census 2000)  Bulk downloads, zip code (Census 2000)  Dealing with Delays: Creating zip code characteristics from census tract data

28. PUMAs via Maps  Reasonable tool for rural parts of a state  Somewhat unwieldy for urban areas  Multiple maps per state http://usa.ipums.org/usa/volii/2000pumas.s html

29. PUMAs via text  Describes PUMA composition  By: County County subdivision Place Census tract  http://usa.ipums.org/usa/volii/2000pumas.shtml http://usa.ipums.org/usa/volii/2000pumas.shtml  http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/dis/data/ref/PUMA /SUPERPUMA-2000-5pct.html http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/dis/data/ref/PUMA /SUPERPUMA-2000-5pct.html

30. Metropolitan areas  Defined by Office Management Budget (OMB)  http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimat es/metrodef.html http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimat es/metrodef.html  Historical Definitions  http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimat es/pastmetro.html http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimat es/pastmetro.html  Researcher is free to follow own definitions  Census Bureau follows OMB definitions