1. Geodynamic Situational Awareness for Intelligence Operations
AGI User's Conference
October 2005
Geodynamic Situational Awareness for Intelligence Operations
Wayne Hall & Dave Bissett

2. Agenda INSCOM background Geodynamic situational awareness
STK technology application
Netcentric geospatial intelligence sharing
4D common operating picture
Closing remarks

3. US Army Intelligence & Security Command (INSCOM)
AGI User's Conference
October 2005
US Army Intelligence & Security Command (INSCOM)
INSCOM Mission:
Conduct intelligence ops for commanders & decision makers
Provide battlefield understanding for the warfighter
Collect intel in all intelligence disciplines
Futures Division:
Defining future of intel analysis
Integrating advanced analytical methods & tools
INSCOM Information Dominance Center (IDC)
INSCOM IDC analysis architecture adopted by JFCOM JIOC
INSCOM Mission
Conduct dominant intelligence, security and information operations for military commanders and national decision makers.
Provide the warfighter the seamless intelligence needed to understand the battlefield and to focus and leverage combat power.
Collect intelligence information in all intelligence disciplines Synchronize the operations of all INSCOM units to produce multi-disciplined, operationally relevant intelligence in support of Department of the Army, Army Service Component Commander, and intelligence community requirements. Current operational focus: Operation Iraqi Freedom, Phase IV support (hostile activity trend and pattern analysis), Global War On Terrorism, foreign intelligence services, and computer network operations.
INSCOM Vision
INSCOM is a world class multi-discipline, values-based intelligence organization composed of highly talented, dedicated personnel who perform a variety of operations. These operations include (1) conduct and support relevant intelligence, security and information operations for Army, joint and combined forces; (2) optimize national/theater/tactical partnerships; (3) exploit leading edge technology and (4) meet the challenge of today, tomorrow and the 21st Century.
Charged with providing the warfighter the
seamless intelligence needed to understand the
battlefield and to focus and leverage combat
power, INSCOM collects intelligence information
in all intelligence disciplines. INSCOM also
conducts a wide range of production activities,
ranging from intelligence preparation of the
battlefield to situation development, SIGINT
analysis, imagery exploitation, and science and
technology intelligence production. INSCOM
also has major responsibilities in the areas of counterintelligence and force protection, electronic
warfare and information warfare, and support to force modernization and training.
Headquartered at Fort Belvoir, Va., INSCOM is a global command with brigades and groups
that tailor their support to the specific needs of different theaters. Altogether, INSCOM has 14
major subordinate commands and a variety of smaller units with personnel dispersed at over
180 locations worldwide.
Futures Division:
Charged with defining the future of intelligence analysis for the warfighter.
Integrated analysis and visualization tools and analytical methodologies to provide advanced analysis capabilities.
INSCOM Information Dominance Center (IDC) architecture adopted as the JFCOM Joint Intelligence Operations Center (JIOC) architecture

4. Geodynamic situational awareness
AGI User's Conference
October 2005
Geodynamic situational awareness
Need:
Monitor moving assets relative to geospatial data
Near-real-time, multi-int
Interrogate & query geospatial data
STK technology application:
STK engine, adapted as a situational-awareness viewer (GDM)
Integrated with ESRI ArcGIS capabilities
Simulyze Flight Control processes real-time data feeds
Need:
Display of moving assets with respect to geospatial data in near-real-time
Interrogation and querying of the geospatial data
Solution:
Integrated COTS tool suite that provides 4D visualization of assets of interest and multi-int geospatial data in near-real-time
STK Tool Suite:
Geodynamic Display Manager (GDM)
STK technologies customized and adapted as a situational awareness viewer for INSCOM
Integrates STK and ESRI ArcGIS capabilities for visualization
Flight Control
Ingests and processes real-time data feeds for display in STK/GDM

5. STK technology application architecture at INSCOM
GDM
Flight Control
ArcObjects
Geodatabases
STK/GDM
Flight
Control
ArcObjects
SIGINT
ArcIMS
ArcSDE
GDB
Features
Imagery
Intelligence databases
Near real-time tactical data feeds
IMINT
Map Layers

6. STK technology application: “geodynamic display manager”
STK’s complex geometry engine accurately displays and analyzes dynamic objects in real or simulated time
Analysts query GIS data of interest
Includes interrogation of GIS meta-data

7. STK technology application: “flight control”
Integrated application developed by Simulyze, Inc.
Translates message traffic from data feeds into GDM objects for display
Lets user interrogate messages, filter viewed objects, customize alerting

8. STK technology application: example data / message formats
AGI User's Conference
October 2005
STK technology application: example data / message formats
TACELINT
TDIMF
TAB37
ATO
ATOCONF
JUNITREP
TADIL-J
OTH-GOLD
NGA geospatial data
NRTD format for IBS feeds
NCCT
NATO EX
Predator
NITF
PRISM
AFSERS
SRTM XML
Space order of battle
Opus aircraft waypoints
NCCT (Network Centric Collaborative Targeting)
NATO EX (used by JSTARS and ARL aircraft)
"If it's a formatted message stream, we can quickly build a comms line"
" We're primarily using the IBS feeds and the C2PC (GCCS) feeds to show as much ground force data as possible."
AFSERS
Networked Sensors Aid Targeting
Network Centric Collaborative Targeting will enable sensors on different platforms to share information without human intervention. By Major Barb Carson Humans use each of their five senses in concert to detect obstacles, respond to opportunity and avoid danger. The Air Force Command and Control Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C2ISR) Center is developing Network-Centric Collaborative Targeting (NCCT) to adapt that multi-sense ability to warfighting by allowing ISR sensors on different platforms to share information without human intervention. Currently, Joint Stars can see enemy tank formations, their communications can be heard by Rivet Joint and a satellite flying overhead can provide real-time photos. NCCT will improve these individual capabilities by allowing machine-to-machine dialogue between these platforms to create integrated and actionable information for decision-makers to target the enemy formation rapidly and precisely. In a joint or coalition environment, NCCT’s collaborative approach will confirm target identity and location in seconds rather than the tens of minutes it takes traditional sequential processes to move from finding the target to killing it. Air operations in Kosovo highlighted a problem for the warfighter: Although traditional ISR sensors performed well, their stove-piped, closed network operations weren’t effective in providing timely, targeting solutions for time-sensitive threats. An individual platform would have to collect information on a target over a period time, usually measured in tens of minutes. Efficiency was further degraded by increased time required for human analysts to process the high volume of fragmented data collected by individual sensors. Therefore, information gathered by these individual sensors frequently didn’t provide target identification and/or location to the required level of fidelity in time to be used to quickly retask combat strike forces. Instead, the information was used primarily for intelligence preparation of the battlespace or to perform battle damage assessment following an engagement. After discussing these shortcomings at the 1998 Defense Science Board, leaders began exploring ways to use sensors differently. NCCT was developed as a potential solution to these shortcomings. Immediate Sharing NCCT employs existing communications networks and links them so that critical information is shared immediately with weapon systems and decision-makers in a format that requires no further analysis. To employ NCCT, the commander determines criteria for a battlespace, including potential targets, and then tasks the ISR Division to apply the sensor network for the greatest effect. The sensor network is aligned to capture likely enemy activity based on predicted centers of gravity and anticipated enemy response. When an enemy asset communicates or moves, a sensor platform will get a line of bearing on it and alert the other sensors to focus on the enemy asset and provide corroborating evidence of the enemy’s identity and location. NCCT mimics the way the human central nervous system instantaneously focuses the eyes on the potential source of a threatening sound. Each NCCT participant will have a visualization capability, called the Operations Interface, to see the data collected by the other sensors immediately. Major General Tommy Crawford, commander of the Air Force Command and Control ISR Center, has called this new capability, “An exciting advance in military operations. NCCT goes beyond transformation— it’s revolutionary.” NCCT is currently being developed and tested as an Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration by U.S. Central Command. The participants include surveillance aircraft such as AWACS, Joint Stars, Rivet Joint, U-2, Royal Air Force Nimrod-R and the U.S. Army Guardrail, as well as the Air Force Distributed Common Ground System and the Airborne Overhead Interoperability Office. NCCT was slated to be tested in a live-fly environment for a military utility assessment during Joint Expeditionary Force Experiment (JEFX) 2004, which will provide an optimum opportunity for warfighters to give feedback on NCCT and to experience its ability to allow them to dominate the battlespace. NCCT maximizes the use of all C2ISR assets across military service boundaries. Vice Admiral Arthur Cebrowski (retired), director of the Force Transformation Office of the Secretary of Defense, promotes NCCT as “the most important network-Centric program in the Department of Defense.” NCCT promises to improve the warfighter’s efficiency and lethality through delivery of accurate and timely battlespace information. Major Barb Carson is with Air Force Command and Control Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance public affairs. Tests Back Collaborative Targeting The Network Centric Collaborative Targeting (NCCT) has been successfully demonstrated during the Joint Expeditionary Force Experiment 2004 (JEFX-04), according to ComCept, which leads the Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) industry team working on the project. JEFX-04 is an Air Force sponsored combatant experiment combining live fly, live play, ground and naval forces, simulations, and technology insertion into a near-seamless warfighting environment. Held this summer, JEFX-04 was a highly focused experiment designed to validate NCCT capabilities that can be rapidly fielded. At JEFX-04, the NCCT successfully located and identified critically important ground threats, including both time critical targets and targets prioritized by the commander. These threats limited exposure time and used other tactics similar to those observed in recent wars to prevent being targeted. However, through its coordinated and collaborative sensor networking techniques, NCCT provided targeting data to decision makers inside of the deception timelines. ComCept, a division of L-3 Communications, leads the NCCT ACTD industry team responsible for design and development of network centric collaborative sensing, communications, and real-time networking of multiple airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) assets. Other participating L-3 divisions include Integrated Systems and Communication-Systems West. The intent of the NCCT ACTD is to develop an open network-centric architecture and software design that horizontally integrates air, space, and ground assets through machine-to-machine exchanges. In this manner, NCCT supports time sensitive and prioritized targeting operations more efficiently, accurately, and quickly. During the exercise, NCCT correlated data from Rivet Joint, U-2, JSTARS, surrogate UAV, and national assets into composite tracks, including identification and location, significantly faster than existing systems. “This demonstration was the first time multiple sensors on multiple platforms were successfully networked in real time, which will change the way current and future ISR systems will be employed to identify and engage targets,” said Mark Von Schwarz, president of ComCept. As part of the concept, NCCT integrates common software applications on all sensor platforms to change the way they gather, process and report information with the goal of providing a common correlated picture to all network participants. All participating platforms and ground stations can exchange data, as well as cue other participants to coherently collect and reveal information otherwise unreported by individual stove-piped platforms. Sensor information from NCCT platforms is combined to create a more complete view of the Battle Space. By efficiently networking and synchronizing sensors in real-time and combining multiple types of sensor detections, NCCT significantly increases the probability of detection and identification of fixed, stationary, or moving surface targets while reducing the time required to accomplish these actions by more than 90 percent Military Aerospace Technology, Dec. 1, 2004

9. Netcentric geospatial intel sharing
AGI User's Conference
October 2005
Netcentric geospatial intel sharing
INSCOM multi-int geodatabases
Large data volumes
Multi-theater ESRI geodatabases (SDE)
Multi-client, available to Army and Joint Forces
STK 4D common operating picture (4D-COP)
4D = 3D (x-y-z) + time
Fuse shared maps, imagery, geospatial intel layers with real-time data feeds
Single integrated picture of land, sea, air, space
INSCOM instantiating multi-int geodatabases
Large volumes of maps, imagery, and multi-int intelligence data
Stored in ESRI geodatabases (SDE) for multiple clients
Databases being developed for multiple theaters
Making data available to other Army and Joint Forces
For use in multiple intelligence analysis and visualization tools
STK Tool Suite Provides 4D Common Operating Picture (4D-COP)
4D = 3D (x-y-z) + time
Fuse shared maps, imagery, and intelligence layers (geospatial) with real-time data feeds
Gives one integrated picture of land, sea, air, and space

10. Common questions answered by the 4D-COP
What assets are in my area of interest?
Where are my blue forces?
When is my next imagery opportunity?
Does blue forces activity intersect with enemy travel routes?

11. 4D-COP: From space to ground
AGI User's Conference
October 2005
4D-COP: From space to ground
Space assets
Accurate picture of national assets & fields of view
Air assets
Real time view of collection platforms
Accurate sensor footprints
Real time tactical data feeds
3D ATO/ACO with timeline view
Ground and sea forces
Blue force tracking via GCCS
Mil STD 2525b symbology
Geo-DB’s hold ground force data, disposition, etc
Mapping
Real time NITF imagery
Multiple layers of maps/imagery
Feature datasets: Roads, railroads, towers, etc
Space Assets
STK provides accurate picture of where current national assets are and their fields of view
Air Assets
Real time view of collection platforms
Accurate display of sensor footprints
Real time tactical data feeds
3D display of ATO / ACO combined with timeline view
Ground and Sea Forces
Blue force tracking via GCCS
Mil STD 2525b symbology
Geospatial intelligence stored in Geodatabases -Ground Force databases, disposition of forces, etc
Mapping
Real time NITF imagery direct from sources
Multiple map layers CADRG to 1 m imagery laid over terrain data
Geospatial Features: Roads, railroads, buildings, towers, etc…

12. 4D-COP: multiple dynamic views
Multiple customizable dynamic windows
Manipulate views independently for situational awareness
Zoom in on areas of interest

13. 4D-COP: moving objects
Symbology:
2525b
NTDS
Models

14. 4D-COP: airborne assets
Airborne assets shown at altitude

15. 4D-COP: sensor projections
Dynamic sensor display
Accurate area coverage and over-flight visualization

16. 4D-COP: geospatial data
GIS feature data from:
ArcSDE
ArcIMS
pGDB
Shapefiles
Vector and raster data sets
Import by user defined areas
Custom queries allow user to view only data of interest

17. GDM demonstration
4D geodynamic situational awareness for the warfighter

18. Closing remarks INSCOM IDC adopted as JIOC architecture
Embeds STK technology for advanced visualization
Currently installed at JFCOM locally
Recently deployed to JIOC-I
Single integrated picture of real-time assets & multi-int geospatial data
4D geodynamic situational awareness for the warfighter
~ QUESTIONS? ~