1. Freshwater Fragmentation Effects on Brown Trout By Rowena Humphrey October 19, 2006

2. Life History Two life-history tactics: Stay in “home” freshwater stream Migrate downstream to the sea Distribution Salmo trutta L.

3. Habitat

4. Dams

5. Consequences of Fragmentation Water Characteristics Mobility Vegetation Genetic Diversity Habitat Components

6. Water Characteristics Water level Depth Temperature Velocity Discharge Turbidity Substrate

7. Mobility Obstructions effect: Isolation of the watershed Accessibility of tributaries Migration Difficulty depending on water level, location, and structure.

8. Fish Ladders

9. Vegetation Dramatically shifting vegetation Fluctuation between high production and mortality for terrestrial and aquatic plants

10. Genetic Diversity Reproductive Isolation Within Watersheds Irregular Gene Flow

11. Genetic Diversity Reproductive Isolation Within Watersheds Irregular Gene Flow Decreased Diversity

12. Ineffective Single species Localized Individual obstructions Effective Multi-species Encompass all life-stages Movement Reconstruct the sequence and structure Conservation and Restoration

13. Ineffective Single species localized individual obstructions Effective Multi-species encompass all life-stages Movement reconstruct the sequence and structure Conservation and Restoration Temporary solutions Long-term solutions

14. Sustainability Initial design Materials of construction Physical characteristics of the water systems Appropriate monitoring and maintenance programs

15. Global effects on biodiversity

16. Questions?