1. Skills: none Concepts: embedded computer, RAM, ROM, sensor, effector, the “Internet of things” This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. Embedded computers

2. Where does this topic fit? Internet concepts – Applications – Technology – Implications Internet skills – Application development – Content creation – User skills

3. I/O to and from things, not people Memory CPU Storage devices (programs and data) Input devices Output Devices

4. Things with computers inside (embedded)

5. What are the embedded computer’s input and output devices?

6. General purpose computer Special purpose computer Programs in volatile, random access memory (RAM) Programs in fixed, read only memory (ROM)

7. Where is the program for this computer? When is it loaded? Does it ever change?

8. Air-bag controlAnti-lock brakesAutomatic transmission AlarmClimate controlCollision-avoidance Cruise controlCommunication (e. g., onStar)Dashboard instrumentation Stability controlIgnition systemEngine control Seat controlEntertainment systemNavigation Power steeringTire-pressure monitoringWindshield-wiper control ten million lines of code

9. Sensors

10. Effectors

11. Home automation videoHome automation video (3m 6s) Home automation Would you rather turn the lights on/off with a controller or have them turn on automatically when you are in the room and it is dark?

12. Health and fitness monitoring

13. Self-driving cars What sensors and effectors would be needed for a self-driving car? Is this a good idea? Why? Why not?

14. Memory CPU Storage devices (programs and data) Input devices Output Devices Summary

15. 1.Is an embedded computer more likely to keep its program in RAM or ROM? Explain. 2.What are the input, output and storage devices on a tablet computer? 3.What are the input, output and storage devices on a smart phone? 4.Are smart phones special purpose or general purpose computers? 5.What are the input, output devices of an ATM machine? 6.Where do ATM machines store information? 7.Where is the program of an ATM machine? 8.When you cook something in a microwave oven for one minute, what is the embedded computer programmed to do when the time runs out? 9.We talked of sensors for measuring temperature and acceleration. What other type of sensors are available for today’s computer systems? 10.Give an example of an effector that is controlled by an embedded computer. 11.What is some of the information your car can communicate using onStar or Ford Synch? 12.What are some privacy issues raised by automotive information systems? 13.What sensors and effectors are used by today’s self-parking cars? Self-study questions

16. What are the input and output devices on this computer?

17. Resources 1.New York Times article on ARM, the leading designer of chips for embedded systems: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/20/technology/20arm.html?_r=1&th&emc =th http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/20/technology/20arm.html?_r=1&th&emc =th 2.ARM Web site, with many examples of embedded applications and an overview of their product line: http://www.arm.com/http://www.arm.com/ 3.Risks of embedded smart phones: http://blogs.mcafee.com/enterprise/mobile/why-does-my-car-have-its-own- smartphone http://blogs.mcafee.com/enterprise/mobile/why-does-my-car-have-its-own- smartphone 4.The risk of software error in cars: http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2010/05/techview_cars_and_soft ware_bugs http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2010/05/techview_cars_and_soft ware_bugs 5.The use of embedded computers in cars: http://spectrum.ieee.org/green- tech/advanced-cars/this-car-runs-on-code/0http://spectrum.ieee.org/green- tech/advanced-cars/this-car-runs-on-code/0 6.Computers in Ford cars: http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13746_7-20004555- 48.htmlhttp://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13746_7-20004555- 48.html 7.The Qualcomm tri-corder X-prize: http://www.qualcommtricorderxprize.org/competition-details/faqs http://www.qualcommtricorderxprize.org/competition-details/faqs 8.Teaching topic on self-driving cars: http://bit.ly/YzKtsmhttp://bit.ly/YzKtsm