1. Class 5b: Population and Migration Push and pull factors Types of migration Determining destinations

2. Migration basics Long-distance change of residence and “activity space” Pull and push factors International or internal Voluntary or forced Affects both receiving and sending places

4. Pull and push factors Pulls: economic opportunity, natural resources, climate, freedom Pushes: war or conflict, natural disaster, population pressure Political or economic trends Changes in life cycle or career cycle

7. International migration 3% of world population Wide range of push and pull factors Major cultural and political impacts Remittances to home country

8. U.S. 11% California 26.2%

9. Sacramento Co. 16.1%

10. Sac. Co. 16.1% Folsom 2.5% Fruitridge 39.6%

13. New England Plymouth, MA Jamestown, VA

14. Harlem Schuylkill, NY Holland, MI

15. Baton Rouge, LA Sault Ste. Marie, MI Fond du Lac, WI

16. Germantown, PA Frankfort, KY New Berlin, WI

17. New Uppsala, WI Bergen, MN Denmark, IA

18. Little Italy (NY, SF) Pulaski Ave. (Chi) Ukrainian Village (Chi)

20. Internal migration From one region or state to another 1998-1999 (thousands)

21. Internal migration Rural to urban migration –Push: land or income shortage –Pull: jobs Historically goes with industrialization Population shift in developing countries

22. Voluntary or forced Voluntary: free choice Forced: not your choice –Slavery –Refugees –Redevelopment

24. Where to? Hierarchy of destination decision-making Different scales mean different factors –Country –Region or city –Neighborhood

25. Where to? Migration field: for a given place, where people tend to come from and go to –Distance or accessibility –Cultural or social similarity –Personal contacts

27. Where to? Channelized migration: historical patterns matter Great Migration (1890-1920) –500,000 African-Americans –Economic/social push –Economic pull –North to South and rural to urban

28. Where to? Return migration: back to place of origin Up to 25% of all migrants Unsuccessful trip, or the goal all along Guestworkers: intended to be temporary

29. U.S. Immigration and California Unrestricted immigration till 1880s Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 National Origins Act of 1924 1934 restrictions on Filipinos Bracero program of 1942-1964 Today, preference to families or skilled workers