1. Computers: Tools for an Information Age
Chapter 8
The Internet at Home and in the Workplace

2. Objectives Briefly describe the history of the Internet
Describe what is needed to get on the Internet
Describe generally what an Internet service provider does
Describe the rudimentary functions of a browser
Describe how to search the Internet

3. Objectives List and describe the non-Web services of the Internet
Describe the various types of e-commerce
Discuss e-commerce payments and taxes
Describe how advertising is done on the Internet
Describe what an intranet is and how a business uses it

4. Growth of Internet Growth in host computers Growth in users worldwide
72 million in 2000
162 million in 2002
Growth in users worldwide
567 million in 2002
780 million projected in 2003

5. A Quick Timeline ARPANET developed in 1969
Designed to connect computers at four locations
Designed to be resistant to disruption
capability added in 1972
National Science Foundation connected its large network, NSFnet to ARPANET in 1986
Resulting network became known as the Internet

6. Key People
Tim Berners-Lee
Marc Andreessen

7. Tim Berners-Lee Worked at CERN lab in Geneva
Thought his work would be easier if he could link to colleagues’ computers
Envisioned a network of computers much like a spider web
Used links to transfer data from one site to another location
CERN site considered the birthplace of the World Wide Web
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8. Marc Andreessen Developed the first graphical browser Called Mosaic
Led to Netscape Navigator
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9. Internet Links A link on a Web site is easy to see
Either underlined and colored text or an icon
Clicking the link transfers data from that site to the user’s computer
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10. Browser Interface software used to explore the Internet
Early browsers were text-only
Mosaic was the first graphical browser
Graphical browsers combine ease of links with attractive graphical interface
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11. Getting Started The technology
The Internet service provider and the browser
Browser functions and features

12. A Little About the Technology
A message sent over the Internet is divided into uniformly sized packets
Each packet labeled with its destination address
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
TCP creates and reassembles packets
IP handles addressing
Ensures that packets are routed to their ultimate destination
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13. The Internet Service Provider and the Browser
An Internet service provider (ISP) provides the server computer and software to connect to the Internet
Online service, such as America Online, includes Internet access, Internet service, and a browser
When you connect to the Internet, the browser displays a home page
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14. Browser Functions Menus and buttons Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Plug-ins
Web page programs
Wireless Internet access
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15. Menus and Buttons
Menu – a series of choices normally laid out across the top of the screen
Called pull-down menus
Each initial choice gives lower-level choices
Buttons can be used to invoke commands
Screen tip – a small text message that appears when you rest the cursor over a button
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16. Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
The complete, unique address of a Web page
Web page URL begins with http
HyperText Transfer Protocol – allows communication by using links to transfer data between sites
Domain name – address of site’s host computer
Last part of domain name is called a top-level domain
Identifies country or purpose of organization
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17. Plug-ins Software that increases browser functionality
Most downloaded from their own Web sites
Once downloaded and installed, the browser can handle the new features
Most enhance a site’s audio-video experience
Shockwave permits viewing sites that include quality animation
Adobe Acrobat Reader displays and prints documents created in Portable Document Format (PDF) form
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18. Web Page Programs
Small programs can be downloaded to run in your browser
Allow Web pages to perform many tasks
Allow dynamic interaction
Come in several forms
Scripting languages
Produce instructions to be interpreted and executed by your browser
JavaScript and VBScript are most common
Programs embedded in Web page
Java applets and ActiveX controls are most common
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19. Wireless Internet Access
Use handheld devices such as pagers, PDAs, or pocket computers to access the Internet
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) – convert Web pages into a format more compatible with limited capabilities of handheld devices
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20. Searching the Internet
Search Engine – lets a user specify search terms
Search engine builds database of sites that match those terms
Uses spider software to build database
Metasearch – searches search engines and builds comprehensive list
Internet directory – database is developed by human researchers rather than spider

21. Non-Web Services of the Internet
Newsgroups
FTP
Telnet

22. Newsgroups Usenet – an informal network of computers
Allows posting and reading of messages
Typically focuses on specific topics
Requires a newsreader
Some are moderated
Messages sent to a moderator, who determines whether the message is appropriate
Prevents users from attacking other members and prevents inappropriate material from being posted
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23. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
A protocol for transferring files among computers
FTP servers maintain collections of downloadable files
Downloading can often be done anonymously, without logging in
Many FTP servers can be accessed through Web browser
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24. Telnet A protocol that allows remote users to log onto a host computer
Users use their own PCs
Users log in over the Internet
Users’ experience is the same as if they were sitting at the host computer’s local terminal
Remote user typically has to have a user ID and password
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25. E-Mail The most commonly used feature of the Internet
Network provides mail server
client software on your computer
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26. Mail Server Collects and stores messages in mailbox
address consists of user name, followed symbol, then domain name of mail server
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27. E-Mail Client Software
Allows you to manage your messages
Features
Address books
The ability to attach files
Some servers block all attached files
Filters
Direct incoming to specific folders
Block spam
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28. The World of E-Commerce
Electronic commerce - buying and selling over the Internet
Three forms
Business-to-consumer (B2C)
Business-to-business (B2B)
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)

29. Business-to-Consumer
Businesses selling goods to consumers
Has received the most media attention
Estimates of U.S. online sales
$48 billion in 2002
Projected $130 billion by 2006
Several models
Pure-play
Bricks-and-clicks
Flips-and-clicks
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30. Pure-Play Model Companies operate exclusively over the Internet
Some have their own warehouses
Others relay orders to manufacturer or wholesaler
Examples include Amazon.com and etoys.com
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31. Bricks-and-Clicks Model
Traditional retail outlets that have established a Web site
Name is a play on “bricks and mortar”
Examples include J.C. Penney and Macys
Well-known brand names
Loyal customer base
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32. Flips-and-Clicks Model
Traditional mail-order retailers that have established Web sites
Catalogs placed on Web sites
Allow customers to replace flipping pages with clicking links and icons
Examples include L.L. Bean and Land’s End
Allows retailer to reach many more customers
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33. Business-to-Business
Businesses selling to other businesses
Has not received much media attention
Estimates of worldwide sales
$1.9 trillion in 2002
Projected $8.5 trillion by 2005
Internet exchanges are being developed to provide electronic marketplaces
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34. Internet Exchanges Create a marketplace Advantages Potential concerns
Bring together many buyers and sellers
Advantages
Reduced costs of procurement (purchasing)
The ability to consider many suppliers
Potential concerns
Security
Antitrust concerns (possible price-fixing)
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35. Consumer-to-Consumer
Takes place on online auction sites
Make buying and selling unique items easy
Your item is visible to anyone in the world with an Internet connection
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36. Payments and Taxes E-commerce payments E-commerce taxes
Some people are leery of submitting credit card information online
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol provides a secure way to make online payments
E-commerce taxes
Internet Tax Freedom Act provides tax relief on Internet commerce
Commission studies the effects of taxation of Internet commerce
Act set to expire in 2005

37. Internet Portals Your first stop on the Internet
Provide personalization to users
Site is customized based on information you provide
Encourages you to visit the site often
Provide referrals to other businesses
Site contains links to affiliate sites
If you click on an affiliate site and make a purchase, the portal receives a percentage of the sale

38. Internet Advertising Many advertisements on Web sites are banner ads
Originally in the shape of a long rectangle
Require the user to leave the current site
Other ad types
Pop-over ads open a new window on top of your current window
Pop-under ads open a new window underneath your current window

39. Intranets A private Internet-like network
Internal to a certain company
Extranets allow selected customers and suppliers to have access to a company’s intranet
Easy to set up
Offer many potential uses
Can be linked to the Internet

40. Setting up an Intranet Easy to set up Hardware requirements
Most organizations already have a local area network
Hardware requirements
Software requirements

41. Hardware Requirements
Server computer handles requests
Computer for storing databases and other documents
Client computers needed for access to the Intranet
TCP/IP protocols must be in place
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42. Software Requirements
Server must be able to process requests from other computers
Server must be able to retrieve data from computers that store it
Each access computer needs a browser
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43. Uses of Intranets Users can
Retrieve information such as benefits information and job openings
Submit vacation requests, applications for open positions, etc.
Employers can post employee handbooks, corporate policies, and other information in a central location

44. Virtual Private Network
Technology that uses the Internet as a channel for private data communication
Uses tunneling technology
Offers many benefits over a private network
Much cheaper than dedicated lines
Data is secure
Turns remote network administration over to ISP

45. Tunneling Also called encapsulation
Transfers data between two similar networks over an intermediate network
Data packets follow Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
Data embedded in TCP/IP packets carried by the Internet
Data packets are encoded before encapsulation
When received, they are separated and returned to their original format
Provides security for data packets
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