1. Napocor completes Semirara oil spill clean-up by: Donnabelle L. Gatdula The Philippine Star 07/03/2006 In accordance with the Philippine National Oil Spill Contingency Plan, Napocor and FRMSI implemented a scientifically-driven and ecosystem- based response using high level of expertise with technically-proficient personnel and consultants.

2. What happens to oil when it spills into the seas

3. Management options A schematic representation of the fate of a crude oil spill showing changes in the relative importance of weathering processes with time – the width of each band indicates the importance of the process. Evaporation Dispersion Dissolution Oxidation Emulsification Spreading Biodegradation HourDayWeekMonthYear Sedimentation Spatio-temporal dimensions

4. Phytoplankton (microscopic plants) zooplankton (microscopic animals) Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, Whales, whale sharks Before oil spill Phytoplankton (microscopic plants) zooplankton (microscopic animals) Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, Whales, whale sharks O i l s p i l l After oil spill Emulsified “chocolate mousse”

5. International Charter Space and Major Disasters Product ID: 772 - 29 Aug, 2006 GLIDE: AC-2006-999999-PHL Product FOOTPRINT (LAT x LONG, WSG84 Geographic, decimal degrees) TopLeft: 11 x 122.23 BottomRight: 10 x 123 Map produced: 24 August 2006 (version 1.1) Source(s): Situation information: Republic of the Philippines NDCC Satellite image: ENVISAT ASAR Copyright: European Space Agency (ESA) 2006 Population data: Landscan 2002 GIS data: GIST, ReliefWeb, USGS Credit: International Charter Space and Major Disasters Image processing and map production: UNOSAT

6. Bioremediation Bioaugmentation –Add new species of oil-eating bacteria that will speed up the breakdown of hydrocarbons Bioenhancement –Add nutrients to the environment that will promote the growth of naturally occurring oil eating bacteria

7. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill March 24, 1989, Prince William Sound, Alaska Exxon Valdez had dumped 11 million gallons (41.8m litres) of crude oil and contaminated about 1,300 miles (2,080 km) of coastline. In 2004, a federal judge in Alaska ordered Exxon to pay $4.5bn (£2.5bn) in damages for the Valdez oil spill, the largest in US history.