1. Stephanie, Deborah, Mikelie

2. Classification  It started by Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non- Arab Sudanese in favor of Sudanese Arabs.

3. Symbolization  Janjaweed are pastoral black Arab tribesmen who have long despised the black African farmers who practice settled agriculture  Peace Flag - In June 2011, a new Darfur Peace Agreement was proposed by the Joint Mediators at the Doha Peace Forum. Darfur status referendum will be stopped.

4. Dehumanization  Reports of the Janjaweed (militia) pillaging and taking advantages of people.  These dehumanize the Darfur people, allowing further violence to continue.  Crimes against humanity.

5. Organization  By 2007, about 200 000 people had been killed and about 2.5 million had fled their homes.  The UN imposed economic sanctions and investigated into war crimes, but violence continued

6. Polarization  Post-independence governments have tried to undermine the authority of traditional tribal leaders and to instrumentalize them in order to gain control of Darfur.  Arab and African identities given to the perpetrators and victims

7. Preparation  In recent years the National Islamic Front regime, in Khartoum, has refused to control increasingly violent Arab militia raids of African villages in Darfur.  Identification of villages of non-Arab or African villages have been made and arranged to be attacked  Animated by a radical Islamism and sense of Arab racial superiority, the movement engaged in genocide almost from the time it seized power.

8. Extermination  The Janjaweed (militia) and Sudanese Armed Forces raided villages of non- Arabic and African majority/descent.  Once thriving villages have had buildings burned, water sources poisoned, irrigation systems torn up, food and seed stocks destroyed, livestock stolen and fruit trees cut down.  There have also been mass displacements and coercive migrations, forcing millions into refugee camps or over the border.

9. Denial  Sudanese authorities claim a death toll of 19,500 civilians while NGO’s such as the Coalition for International Justice, claim that over 400,000 people have been killed.  Other organizations published statements which said that mortality rates have been misleading  There is obvious conflict in numbers across the world between the Sudanese government and other organizations internationally.  The government has systematically obstructed access to Darfur and blocked international efforts to establish a relief program.

10. Resources  http://www.scribd.com/doc/3218927/Darfur-Article http://www.scribd.com/doc/3218927/Darfur-Article  http://fletcher.tufts.edu/forum/archives/pdfs/32-1pdfs/Lanz.pdf http://fletcher.tufts.edu/forum/archives/pdfs/32-1pdfs/Lanz.pdf  http://www.google.ca/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi http://www.google.ca/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi  Social Studies 20 Text Book