1. A Silicon Analog of the Carbon Based Laboratory Instructor http://genchem.rutgers.edu Professor Rudolph W. Kluiber Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102

2. General Chemistry Laboratory Talking to the Molecules 1. Philosophy Teach General Chemistry Teach Other Skills 2. Students First college chemistry course Varied Interests Varied Ability 3. Teacher Communication Skills Interest Ability

3. 1. Cook Book or Verification Students are given specific instructions. Learn laboratory techniques and logic. Comfortable and convenient. Correlate with lecture to form a “community”. 2. Guided Inquiry or Discovery Students are given general instructions. Students work out the details. Teach the student to think. Make them think they figured it out 3. Others Research Projects Collaboration PHILOSOPHIES

4. SUPPORTING Classic Cook Book Chemistry I t’s EASY, COMFORTABLE and ROUTINE STUDENTS Almost all are not chem majors Varied background (skill, ethic and temperament) First college chemistry laboratory course Most are foreign born; majority are women INSTRUCTORS All are foreign born Many initially have language problems Familiarity brings comfort PHILOSOPHY Laboratory supports lecture

5. C lassic C ook B ook C hemistry…IT’S EASY DRAWBACKS Copying and cheating can be prevalent PreLabs Experiments: section to section, year to year Learning can be minimal Laboratory should be fun Laboratory is a joke Labs are labor intensive Junior faculty are hired to carry out research Laboratory used to increase contact hours Return on teaching investment Good, cheap help is hard to get (undergraduates?) May create conflicts of interest Lack scientific sophistication

6. Dell Poweredge 2600 1.8 GHz Xeon dual CPU 33.8 GB SCSI Memory $3,000 Physically, Mentally and Visually challenged Excellent memory, consistent, tireless, accurate G en C hem A Combination of Hardware and Software

7. Dell Poweredge 2600 1.8 GHz Xeon dual CPU 33.8 GB SCSI Memory $3,000 COOK BOOK Physically, Mentally and Visually challenged Excellent memory, consistent, tireless, accurate G en C hem A Combination of Hardware and Software

8. Dell Poweredge 2600 1.8 GHz Xeon dual CPU 33.8 GB SCSI Memory $3,000 NOTE: GenChem software can be easily transferred to another WinTel server Contact: kluiber@genchem.rutgers.edu kluiber@genchem.rutgers.edu G en C hem A Combination of Hardware and Software

9. Rutgers University (Newark) General Chemistry Laboratory Two semester course 1 credit each semester Meet for 170 min, 1X/week, 14 weeks 14 experiments-5 extra credit/semester Written 3 hour FINAL Exam Pre- or Co-Requisite: 4 credit lecture Separate grade for Laboratory Students work individually Four Lab Practicals per semester

10. What G en C hem Does 1. Creates a course Syllabus. Puts it on the web. 2. Produces printer ready copy for a Lab Manual. 3. Provides Pre-lab Talks as web-based downloadable videos. 4. Produces individualized web-based PreLabs. Records passing. 5. Provides Start-of-Experiment Quiz. 6. Individualizes each experiment. 7. Accepts student’s Experimental Work and evaluates. 8. Accepts Calculations and Conclusion and evaluates. 9. Issues Warnings but only on initial entries. 10. Grades each student’s work. Treats all students equally. 11. Acknowledges particularly good work 12. Allows each student to access their Course Record, anytime. 13. Gives out Final Course Grade at the end of the semester.

11. SYLLABUS http://genchem.rutgers.edu

12. GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY SYLLABUS (Chem 113) SUMMER 2006 More About Chem 113 Formulas, Sig Figs and Errors... More About Chem 113 Formulas, Sig Figs and Errors WHEN IN THE LABORATORY Wear EYE PROTECTION and RESTRAIN HAIR Chem 113 news videoSessionExperimentAbout the ExperimentPreLab video 5/30INTRO Use of the Balances and the Metric System...... video 6/01DENSITY Measuring the Density of a Solid and a Liquid DENASA video 6/05HYDRATES Characterization and Quantitative Measurement of Hydrates HYASA video 6/06NONMETALS-POLLUTION Generation and Characterization of Common Gasses. Pollution NMASA video 6/08ACID TITRATION Analysis of Vinegar and Vitamin C A LAB PRACTICAL AcidASA video 6/13SOLVAY PROCESS Do Chromatography today. Pass SOLVAY PreLab. Do only the SOLVAY QUIZ SOLASA video 6/13CHROMATOGRAPHY Separation and Identification of Cations ChromAS A video 6/15MOLAR VOLUME Measuring the Molar Volume of Oxygen Assaying KClO 3 A LAB PRACTICAL MVASA video 6/19CALORIMETRY Measuring Specific Heat, Heat of Solution, Heat of Reaction CalASA video 6/20PERIODIC TABLE Solubility of Group II Oxidation of Group VII1 PTASA video 6/22EQUIVALENT WEIGHT Eq.Wt. from Hydrogen Liberated and Acid Used Up A LAB PRACTICAL EqWASA video 6/27COPPER ANALYSIS Spectroscopic Analysis for Copper CuAnASA video 6/29GROUP I and pH Qualitative Analysis; pH of Common Liquids GIpHASA video 7/03DUMAS MOL. WT. M.W. of a Liquid by the Dumas Method A LAB PRACTICAL MWASA none 7/05FINAL EXAM (Sem 1) Written Final, No Programmable Calculators Conklin 100, 8:30 - 11:30 AM......

13. GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY SYLLABUS (Chem 114) SUMMER 2006 More About Chem 114 Formulas, Sig Figs and Errors... More About Chem 114 Formulas, Sig Figs and Errors WHEN IN THE LABORATORY Wear EYE PROTECTION and RESTRAIN HAIR Chem 114 news ?vid eo? Sessio n ExperimentAbout the ExperimentPreLab video 7/10CALIBRATION Calibration of Volumetric Glassware...... video 7/11EDTA TITRATION Calcium Concentration by EDTA Titration Bring a Home Water Sample EDTASA video 7/13FREEZING POINT MW MW by Freezing Point Depression FPASA video 7/17LAB PRACTICAL, EqWt Equivalent Weight of an Acid by Titration LAB PRACTICAL LPASA video 7/18PHOSPHATE ANALYSIS Analyzing for Phosphate Spectroscopically Bring a Home Water Sample PhosASA video 7/20KINETICS Measuring and Using Rate Constants and Activation Energy ClockASA video 7/25EQUILIBRIUM Qualitative and Quantitative Equilibrium Studies EqASA video 7/27pH and BUFFERS Acids and pH Meters, Indicators, Ttitration, Buffers pHASA video 8/01SPOT TESTS Identifying a Mixture Using Spot Tests SpotASA video 8/02solutions Preparing solutions for Ksp (see Ksp below) KspASA video 8/0310 TESTTUBE MYSTERY Identifying the Contents of Ten Test Tubes Lab Practical TTMASA video 8/08CuAg AW of Silver Determining the AW of Silver Lab Practical CuAgASA video 8/09Ksp of LEAD IODIDE Measuring Ksp by Spectroscopic Analysis for Iodide KspASA video 8/10ASPIRIN ANALYSIS Spectroscopic Analysis of an Aspirin Tablet LAB Practical AspASA none 8/15FINAL EXAM (Sem 2) Written Final, No Programmable Calculators Ackerson 123 8:30 - 11:30 AM......

14. P re -E xperiment GenChem working for the Student 1. Manual describes experiment 2. Videos show background and data collection 3. PreLab must be passed to start experiment All the above can be done on-campus or off. Videos and PreLabs are Web-Based http://genchem.rutgers.edu

15. P re -E xperiment Genchem working for the Student 1. Manual Describes each experiment Step by step directions. Mathematics and logic discussed. About 140 pages $20.00 / manual

16. P re -E xperiment Genchem working for the Student 2. Videos show background and data collection Videos are 10-15 min (100-200 MB) Show background, DATA collection Calculations are displayed but not explained. SONY CCR VX2000 Windows Movie Maker.WMV format

17. P re -E xperiment Genchem working for the Student 3. PreLab “Ticket” to start Experiment Individualized Problem Must answer problem correctly to continue. 8 multiple choice questions (7 correct to pass) May have 10 or more variations Written in: Visual Basic Script, Active Server Protocol ASP.

18. T he E xperiment and G en C hem 1. Asks an initial Question. 2. Individualizes Experiments. 3. Accepts experimental data. 4. May warn of bad data on first entry. 5. Accepts calculations and conclusions. 6. Warns of poor calculations on first entry. 7. Grades and gives printout to student. 8. Grading includes “Late” and “Sig Figs”. 9. Records grades automatically. 10. Poor Experiments can be repeated. All the above must be done in the Lab.

19. VISUAL FORTRAN

22. Enter DATA using keyboard Limited use of the mouse Program only goes forward There are re-caps

23. T he E xperiment and G en C hem 1. Asks an initial Question. 2. Individualizes Experiments. 3. Accepts experimental data. 4. May warn of bad data on first entry. 5. Accepts calculations and conclusions. 6. Warns of poor calculations on first entry. 7. Grades and gives printout to student. 8. Grading includes “Late” and “Sig Figs”. 9. Records grades automatically. 10. Poor Experiments can be repeated. All the above must be done in the Lab.

24. VARIATIONS in the CLOCK REACTION k, a, b, and c Values of [I - ] [BrO 3 - ] [H + ] CLOCK REACTION

25. T he E xperiment and G en C hem 1. Asks an initial Question. 2. Individualizes Experiments. 3. Accepts experimental data. 4. May warn of bad data on first entry. 5. Accepts calculations and conclusions. 6. Warns of poor calculations on first entry. 7. Grades and gives printout to student. 8. Grading includes “Late” and “Sig Figs”. 9. Records grades automatically. 10. Poor Experiments can be repeated. All the above must be done in the Lab.

26. Calculation Warnings

27. A good experiment

28. Typical Graded Printout ACID BASE TITRATION Student repeated experiment and earned an 83

29. T he E xperiment and G en C hem 1. Asks an initial Question. 2. Individualizes Experiments. 3. Accepts experimental data. 4. May warn of bad data on first entry. 5. Accepts calculations and conclusions. 6. Warns of poor calculations on first entry. 7. Grades and gives printout to student. 8. Grading: “Late” and “Sig Figs”. 9. Records grades automatically. 10. Poor Experiments can be repeated. All the above must be done in the Lab. 100.0/99.9=100.1

30. GRADING 13 EXPERIMENTS @ 99 pts/exp…… 5 Extra Credit experiments………… Quiz…………………………………………. Final Exam……………………………….. TOTAL……………………………………… 1287 100 45 250 1682 Guarantee: A 1400; B 1250; C 1100 GRADING is on an absolute basis GRADING is not competitive! GRADING is consistent

31. PLAYCHEM Short Simple Significant a series of EXTRA CREDIT Experiments http://genchem.rutgers.edu/PlayChem.html

32. 1. ALCHEMY 4. BISULFATE 7. CALIBRATE 10. DENPEN 13. ICE 16. MOLRAT 19. MONEYKIN 22. POLLUTION 25. PUTTY & SLIME 28. SODACAN 31. ZERO 2. ASPIRIN 5. BLACKPEN 8. CANCRUSH 11. DOBJECT 14. IVY 17. MONEYCAL 20. ORG 23. POPCORN 26. REACT 29. STEELWOOL 32. ZINC IODIDE 3. AVOGADRO 4. BREATHALYZER 7. CANDLELIGHT 10. HYFORM 13. MILK 16. MONEYCULE 19. PARADOX 22. POTENTIAL 25. SOAP 30. VINEGAR PLAYCHEM EXPERIMENTS http://genchem.rutgers.edu/PlayChem.html

33. T he Silicon, G en C hem, A DVANTAGE 1. Makes students accountable. Students vie for best grade rather than fastest exit! 2. Provides pre-lab talks (videos) on demand. 3. Individualizes and keeps record of PreLabs. 4. Individualizes and keeps records of experiments. 5. Warns of serious experimental errors. 6. Warns of serious calculation errors. 7. Checks sig figs. 100.0/99.9 = 1.001 8. Grades and records lab work immediately 9. Identical grading: student to student; year to year. 10. Prevents and detects attempts at cheating. 11. Allows extra-credit and repeat experiments. 12. Keeps excellent, accurate up-to-date records. 13. Allows synchronization with lecture. 14. Allows many experiments to run concurrently. Controlled chaos 15. Does not make errors. 16. Does not suddenly disappear from the lab.

34. T he G en C hem A DVANTAGE 1. Accountability 2. Correlates with Lecture; Emphasizes Chemistry 3. Graded on a absolute basis. All students can earn an A in the course. 4. Both ability and effort are rewarded. 150 points separate letter grades 100 points of extra credit (and fun) Poor experiments may be repeated (with 5-9 pt penalty) Repeat experiments are monitored by Carbon TA. 5. Competition for higher grade rather than fastest exit. 6. Multiple experiments done simultaneously 7. Peer instructors. D istance Learning

35. DISADVANTAGES of GenChem 1. Poor at enforcing SAFETY. Stresses safety but can not enforce it. 2. Sits at the desk. Does not walk around. 3. Does not check DATA SHEET properly. 4. Does not check written work. 5. Does not check product purity. 6. Does not do RESEARCH. 7. Poor at relieving the agony of failure. Not a people person

36. What Does “CARBON” Do? 1. NEW TAs Check experiments beforehand 2. All TAs (undergraduate or Graduate) Interact with students during laboratory time Check: DATA directly on data sheet in ink Using proper experimental technique Provide major help with PreLabs Provide minor help with lab calculations Explain the graded DATA SHEET Provide encouragement where necessary Analyze UNKNOWNS Grade products and occasional write-up Keep balances from being destroyed Make sure the lab is left clean 3. STOCKROOM Provided Equipment and UNKNOWNS Keeps laboratory clean and stocked

37. STUDENT EVALUATION (Chem 113 7/7/ 2006 ) Based on ratings of 1-5 Total students getting grades... 54 (61) Total students evaluating... 48 Lab help in Lecture... 3.70 Help from Lecture... 3.21 Help from PreLabs... 4.25 Help from Videos... 4.42 Help From Manual... 3.79 Instructors rating... 4.02 Improve logic and thinking... 3.77 Positive learning experience... 3.83 Overall Rating... 3.83 “Don’t teach it the same way”

38. GenChem General Chemistry Laboratory Teaches Chemistry Offers a smorgasbord of pedagogy Reinforces lecture Tries to challenge Works with our TAs and students Works for me

39. A Silicon Analog of the Carbon Based Laboratory Instructor C Si Ge Sn Pb GROUP IV http://genchem.rutgers.edu a TA called GenChem

40. C Si Ge Sn Pb GROUP IV http://genchem.rutgers.edu 100.0 / 99.9 = 100.1 T ALK TO THE M OLECULES