1. Dane BatemaBenoit Blier Drew Capps Patricia Roman Kyle Ryan Audrey Serra John TapeeCarlos Vergara Team 1: Propulsion QDR 2 Team 1 October 3, 2006

2. AAE 451 Team 1 2 Propulsion System Design Method Goal: Design a single propulsion system capable of performing the design mission (one prop, one gearbox, one battery system). –Undesirable to require two propellers to complete design mission –Superior marketability of multi-functional aircraft Method: 1) Determine propeller diameter and pitch for RPM < 10,000 2) Size propulsion system to meet dash requirements 2a) Select batteries to supply maximum power at minimum cost 2b) Find a cost-efficient gearbox with high gear ratio for 480 class motor 2c) Select motor with correct Kv that can handle the necessary current 3) Ensure that loiter requirement can be met with dash-optimized system 3a) Calculate energy available with dash-sized battery 3b) Loiter = 500 ft radius circular flight path 50 ft/s air speed 3c) Determine flight time (must be > 7 minutes)

3. AAE 451 Team 1 3 Battery Selection Budget drives design Estimation of reasonable propulsion system cost –$150 to $170 –Retain $80 to $100 for materials and construction –Batteries ≈ $50 –Motor ≈ $100 –Gearbox and Propeller ≈ $20

4. AAE 451 Team 1 4 Battery Selection

5. AAE 451 Team 1 5 Battery Selection Note: only a portion of the complete table Tabulated for 0.2 hp to 1.0 hp Each row is a different motor Procedure: –Tabulate total system cost and weight for different powers –Check total voltage and current supplied –Find motor to run at given voltage and current

6. AAE 451 Team 1 6 Battery Selection Selected Battery System 2 battery packs in series Apogee Lithium Polymer 6 cells, 22.2 V 1200 mAh $50.00 6.35 oz Max Power Output = 0.7 hp selected system

7. AAE 451 Team 1 7 Propulsion System Max Speed 115 ft/s ~ 78.4 mph Propeller – APC (LP11011) 11x11 - 60 Pattern Propeller ($7.95) Gearbox –MP Jet (MP8104) 4.1:1 Ball Bearing Gearbox for 480 Size ($19.90) Motor – MEGA ACn 16/25/3 ($84.00) Speed Controller – Castle Creations Phoenix-35 Brushless Motor Control ($84.99) Batteries (in series) – 2 x Apogee 3-Cell 11.1 V 1200mAh 20C LiPo (2 x $25.00) Total Propulsion Chargeable Cost = $161.85 (neglects speed controller)

8. AAE 451 Team 1 8 Propeller Selection CP, CT,  found from gold.m Assumed Inputs (to be refined when blade purchased) –  zero_lift = -6° –  flat_meanchrd = 0.5° –slope lift_curve = 2  –C D0 =.00655; –k induced_drag =.01 –Num_Blades= 2 –chord/radius=.09 Max  for 18* in prop 11 inch propeller selected to minimize RPM Power required increased by 1/0.75=33.3% per guidance from gold.m file.

9. AAE 451 Team 1 9 System Motor/Battery Dash Dash (Main_System_Design – Modified) –Motor Voltage input: 21.9 V –Motor Current input: 21.8 A* (Motor Max Continuous 30 A) –Motor RPM: 36,700 RPM (Motor Maximum 55,000 RPM) –Motor  : 89.7% –M tip,prop < 0.4 * Max battery continuous output: 24 A

10. AAE 451 Team 1 10 System Motor/Battery Loiter Loiter (Main_System_Design – Modified) –Estimated Loiter Time: 49.1 mins (far exceeds requirement) –Motor Voltage input: 10.3 V –Motor Current input: 6.61 A (Motor Max Continuous 30 A) –Motor RPM: 17,300 RPM –Motor  : 70.5 %

11. AAE 451 Team 1 11 Summary No need for multiple propulsion systems Battery required for dash exceeds loiter requirements Motor selection needs to be finalized soon to facilitate final system selection due date

12. AAE 451 Team 1 12 Aircraft System Aircraft Constants: –C D0 = 0.025 –Aspect Ratio = 8.65 –Oswalds Efficiency e = 0.75 –Weight = 5 lbf –Wing Area = 4.16 ft 2 Dash Observations –C L very low at high speed