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Refraction Physics Department, New York City College of Technology
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Key words Index of refraction Law of refraction Critical angle Total internal reflection Thin lens Thin lens equation Ray tracing
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Index of refraction Definition c is the speed of light in free space v is the speed of light in a given material n is unitless
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Law of refraction (Snell’s law) Snell’s law 1 is the angle of incidence 2 is the angle of refraction
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Example #1 refraction
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Total internal reflection Occurs when light passes from high index material to a low index material Critical angle C For incident angles > C, there is no refracted ray => total internal reflection
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Total internal reflection Disc 22, #11
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Optical path in fibers Disc 22, #14
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Example #2 Total internal reflection
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Thin lenses Converging lens Diverging lens
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Ray tracing 3 special rays P ray F ray M ray
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Ray tracing with lenses Disc 22, #18
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Thin lens equation Magnification
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Sign conventions f: + for converging lens, for diverging lens. do: + if on the side of the lens from which the light is coming; otherwise, di: + for a real image, for a virtual image hi: + for upright image, for inverted image
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Example #3 Thin lens
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