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Degradation of Liquid Embolic Polymer - A Pulsatile Flow Model BME 440 Design Group 1 October 31, 2005.

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Presentation on theme: "Degradation of Liquid Embolic Polymer - A Pulsatile Flow Model BME 440 Design Group 1 October 31, 2005."— Presentation transcript:

1 Degradation of Liquid Embolic Polymer - A Pulsatile Flow Model BME 440 Design Group 1 October 31, 2005

2 Overview Previous Techniques Previous Techniques Current Studies Current Studies Future applications Future applications

3 Aneurysm Background Aneurysm – Out pouching of a blood vessel Caused by weakened internal elastic lamina Clinical Ruptured or un-ruptured Rupture causes hemorrhage Rupture rate 10-25 per 100,000 population 60,000 annually in the U.S. suffer from aneurysms – Half ruptured, half not. If the aneurysm ruptures, the damage is as follows: 35% die, 30% suffer severe morbidity, 35% recover Mechanical degradation of polymer Embolism

4 Previous Techniques Surgery Removal of Aneurysm Gugliemi Coils)Platinum coil (Gugliemi Coils) CatheterizationCatheterization InsertionInsertion ManeuverabilityManeuverability

5 Previous Materials Liquid acrylics Glue-like Ethylene vinyl alcohol Toxic solvent- DMSO Alginate Conflicting evidence Growth factors

6 Types of Models In-vitroIn-vitro GlassGlass PolycarbonatePolycarbonate PlexiglassPlexiglass In-vivoIn-vivo PorcinePorcine CanineCanine

7 Polymer Delivery Catheter ChoiceCatheter Choice Single line catheterSingle line catheter Concentric catheterConcentric catheter EfficiencyEfficiency High percentage of polymer depositionHigh percentage of polymer deposition Re-canalizationRe-canalization Side by side catheterSide by side catheter In-vitro (can control flow)In-vitro (can control flow) Injection of polymer; no initial flowInjection of polymer; no initial flow In-vivo (constantly flowing)In-vivo (constantly flowing) Injection of polymer; initial flowInjection of polymer; initial flow

8 Catheter Injection

9 Injection Against Flow Minimizing the Effects of Flow Surgical Clip Balloon Stent

10 Design Implementation 2D and 3D models Watertight 2D – Block geometry with machined aneurysm Easy to clean Large gasket Adaptable Pressure supplied by clamping mechanism Bifurcation and Wall Aneurysm Adaptable 2-in-1 architecture Removable screw mechanism

11 End View Side View Rubber Seal MS.Paint Schematics of Model

12 Gasket Materials NecessitiesNecessities Water TightWater Tight CompressibleCompressible DurableDurable Compression SetCompression SetResistance Dow Corning

13 Flow Mechanism Flow Pump OptionsFlow Pump Options Diaphragm (Pulsatile)Diaphragm (Pulsatile) Peristaltic (Steady)Peristaltic (Steady) Important CharacteristicsImportant Characteristics Biological similarityBiological similarity Variable flow rateVariable flow rate Length of useLength of use Ease of useEase of use CostCost

14 Various Pumps SP100VC ($159) – Cased Variable Flow Peristaltic PumpSP100VC ($159) – Cased Variable Flow Peristaltic Pump Flow Range: 0.03ml/min to 13ml/minFlow Range: 0.03ml/min to 13ml/min Control: KnobControl: Knob SP100VO (OEM) ($59) – Variable Flow Peristaltic PumpSP100VO (OEM) ($59) – Variable Flow Peristaltic Pump Flow Range: 0.09ml/min to 13ml/minFlow Range: 0.09ml/min to 13ml/min Control: Vary VoltageControl: Vary Voltage SP200VC ($169) – Cased Variable Flow Peristaltic PumpSP200VC ($169) – Cased Variable Flow Peristaltic Pump Flow Range: 0.06ml/min to 62ml/minFlow Range: 0.06ml/min to 62ml/min Control: KnobControl: Knob SP100VOBL ($179) – Brushless DC Variable Flow Peristaltic PumpSP100VOBL ($179) – Brushless DC Variable Flow Peristaltic Pump Flow Range: 0.09ml/min to 20ml/minFlow Range: 0.09ml/min to 20ml/min Control: Vary VoltageControl: Vary Voltage Continuous Use – Long LifeContinuous Use – Long Life PM10.001 ($135) – Miniature Diaphragm Pump. (Pulsatile Flow)PM10.001 ($135) – Miniature Diaphragm Pump. (Pulsatile Flow) Max Flow: 100ml/minMax Flow: 100ml/min Control: Vary input voltageControl: Vary input voltage APT

15 Fluid and Pressure Concerns Desired Fluid FlowDesired Fluid Flow 70-100 cm/min velocity70-100 cm/min velocity 1-5 mm tube diameter1-5 mm tube diameter Yields a flow range of.55–19.7 ml/min (Q = v*a)Yields a flow range of.55–19.7 ml/min (Q = v*a) PressurePressure Increased flow rate = increased pressureIncreased flow rate = increased pressure Pressure range helps find possible system materials (i.e. gaskets, pipes, tubing, etc)Pressure range helps find possible system materials (i.e. gaskets, pipes, tubing, etc)

16 Degradation Monitoring High Speed CameraHigh Speed Camera Monitors individual particle lossMonitors individual particle loss CostlyCostly Image distortion due to materialsImage distortion due to materials Software OptionsSoftware Options Image differentiation analysisImage differentiation analysis Computer Aided Speckle Interferometry (CASI)Computer Aided Speckle Interferometry (CASI) Fine Mesh GauzeFine Mesh Gauze Downstream collection of particlesDownstream collection of particles Smaller particles can escapeSmaller particles can escape Inhibits flowInhibits flow

17 Degradation Monitoring (Cont) Fiber Optic CameraFiber Optic Camera Evades material distortionEvades material distortion Site specificSite specific Hard to implement without hindering flowHard to implement without hindering flow Resolution and speedResolution and speed

18 Versatility Features Bifurcation vs. Side WallBifurcation vs. Side Wall Steady Flow vs. Pulsatile FlowSteady Flow vs. Pulsatile Flow Open Flow vs. Closed FlowOpen Flow vs. Closed Flow Flow RateFlow Rate

19 Material Choices GlassGlass ExpensiveExpensive Easily destroyedEasily destroyed PrimitivePrimitive PlexiglassPlexiglass CheapCheap Mechanically StrongMechanically Strong MachinableMachinable PolycarbonatePolycarbonate Very similar to plexiglass.Very similar to plexiglass. Slightly more expensive, but is better in most categoriesSlightly more expensive, but is better in most categories

20 Conclusion Polymer to be tested: ChitosanPolymer to be tested: Chitosan Model Structure MaterialModel Structure Material PolycarbonatePolycarbonate Gasket MaterialGasket Material Silicon RubberSilicon Rubber Pump choicePump choice

21 Acknowledgements Professor Chen Professor Chen Professor Strey Professor Strey Lester-machine shop Lester-machine shop Professor Bluestein Professor Bluestein

22 References 1.Soga et al. Neurosurgery, 55(6):1401-1409, 2004. All figures, unless otherwise noted, are referenced from this paper. 2.APT Instruments. Flow Pumps and Accessories. http://www.aptinstruments.com/ http://www.aptinstruments.com/ 3.Dow Corning. Rubber Applications and Markets. http://www.dowcorning.com/content/rubber/rubberapps/app_gasket.asp? WT.srch=1 http://www.dowcorning.com/content/rubber/rubberapps/app_gasket.asp? WT.srch=1 http://www.dowcorning.com/content/rubber/rubberapps/app_gasket.asp? WT.srch=1

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