1. Civilization: Mesopotamia and Egypt

2. Civilization Surpluses Specialization States Cities—l. “civ” Writing Monumental Architecture

3. Mesopotamia- “Between the Rivers”

4. Cuneiform Writing

5. The Ziggurat of Ur

6. Bronze bust of Sargon of Akkad c. 2350 BCE

7. Stone stele featuring the code of Hammurabi

8. Mesopotamian Empires 1800-600 BCE

9. Mesopotamian Empires Sumer 3500-2400 BCE –Cuneiform c. 3500-3000 BCE –Bronze c. 4000-3500 BCE Akkadian 2400-1900 BCE Babylonian 1900-1600 BCE –Hammurabi c. 1800 Hittite 1600-1300 BCE –Iron c. 1000 Assyrian 1300-612 BCE Neo-Babylonian 600-650

10. Israel and Phoenicia, 1500-600 BCE

11. The Indo-European Migrations

13. Semitic Languages

14. Egypt: The Gift of the Nile

15. Menes 3100 BCE Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt

16. Archaic Period 3100-2660 BCE Unification of upper and Lower Kingdoms Old Kingdom 2660-2150 BCE Giza Pyramids 2600-2500 BCE Middle Kingdom 1975-1640 BCE Hyksos Invasion 1647 BCE New Kingdom 1539-1075 BCE

17. Step pyramid of Djoser at Saqquara

18. The Pyramids at Giza

19. Hatshepsut’s temple in the Valley of the Kings Hatshepsut (1479 to 1458 BC)

20. Mummy of Ramses II (1279 BC to 1213 BC) Canopic Jars

21. Ka Statue of Mereruka

22. Heiroglyphic and Hieratic writing

23. The Rosetta Stone

24. Akhenaten (1353 BC-1336 BC) and henotheism