1. Electrical Engineering 1 Dr. Keith Holbert WISE Investments Program Summer 2001

2. Electrical Engineering 2 What is Electrical Engineering? –Professional activities of electrical engineers directly affect the everyday lives of most of the world’s population –Design miniscule semiconductor circuits –Design, control, and simulate an electric power grid that covers North America –Between these extremes, the electrical engineer’s challenges run the gamut –Electrical engineering is a broad field

3. Electrical Engineering 3 ASU Electrical Engineering Undergraduate Degree Program Info –Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) degree –Four-year program; 128 semester hours –Accredited by ABET Engineering Commission Undergraduate Program Statistics –About 700 students –Approximately 110-120 graduates each year –Starting B.S.E. annual salary of around $54K

4. Electrical Engineering 4 Discipline Breakdown of EE Undergraduate Coursework

5. Electrical Engineering 5

6. 6 UG Math and Science Requirements Mathematics (21 hrs) –Calculus, three semesters –Differential Equations –Linear Algebra –Advanced Math Sciences (15 hrs) –Chemistry, one semester –Physics, three semesters

7. Electrical Engineering 7 Electrical Engr. Course Requirements Digital Logic, w/Lab Circuits I, w/Lab Circuits II Electronics, w/Lab Electronic Materials Signals & Systems Electromagnetic Engr. Random Signal Analysis Energy Conversion, w/lab Senior Design Lab I & II C++ and Assembly Prog. Technical Electives: Communications and Signal Processing Controls Electromagnetics Electronic Circuits Power Systems Solid state electronics

8. Electrical Engineering 8 Senior Technical Elective Areas Solid State Electronics Communications and Signal Processing Controls Electronic Circuits Power Systems Electromagnetics

9. Electrical Engineering 9 Electromagnetics The study of electric and magnetic fields arising from charged particles in rest and in motion –The Electromagnetic force is one of the four known fundamental forces of nature –All theory of electrical engineering is based on electromagnetics Radio, TV, Cellular telephones, Computers, Electric Machinery, Particle Accelerators, Electrostatic precipitators, Magnets, Superconductors. Lightning, Magnets, Light, Radiowaves

10. Electrical Engineering 10 Why Study Electromagnetics? Wireless communications systems require antennas. PCs are on the verge of becoming microwave devices.

11. Electrical Engineering 11 Why Study Electromagnetics? To better understand modern communications and computer systems. To be able to design and analyze electromagnetics-based devices such as antenna systems, fiber optics systems and microwave systems.

12. Electrical Engineering 12 Electromagnetics is Difficult Because Electric and Magnetic Fields –are three-dimensional –are vectors –vary in space as well as time –are governed by PDEs As a result: –Solution of electromagnetics problems requires a high level of abstract thinking - it is not possible to solve them by finding the right formula in which to plug the numbers. –Students must develop a deep physical understanding where math becomes a powerful tool rather than a crutch

13. Electrical Engineering 13 Radar Cross Section (Top View)

14. Electrical Engineering 14 Radar Cross Section (Helicopter Overlay)

15. Electrical Engineering 15 Electric Power Engineering –Conversion of energy from thermal, chemical, nuclear or mechanical to electrical form, the transmission of that energy over high voltage transmission line, and the utilization of that energy Large electric generators, nuclear power plants, transmission and distribution lines, insulator operation, economics, reliability, power electronics

16. Electrical Engineering 16 Power Quality Analysis of non-sinusoidal signals in highly inter-connected power systems -- to increase reliability and decrease losses

17. Electrical Engineering 17 Power Electronics Power electronics is the branch of circuits and solid state engineering that is concerned with devices and circuits that are designed for 1 kW operation and above Topics covered include converter design, PWM devices, regulators, DC/DC converters, high power switching, power flow control, innovative lighting techniques It is believed by many that the fastest growing area of electrical engineering in the next five years will be in power electronics

18. Electrical Engineering 18 Example Senior Design Project in Electric Power Engineering To capture solar energy during the day and use fiber optics to carry the light to an indoor lighting system. Tracking is used to follow the sun. Storage of the luminous energy will be used for nighttime operation. Tracking system Fiber optic Collection lenses/mirrors system Indoor lighting system

19. Electrical Engineering 19 Solid State Electronics –Study of the behavior of solid conductors and semiconductors –Most important is silicon - integrated circuits Electronic memory Digital electronic IC’s Transistor and linear electronics –Cars (Engines, Brakes), Radios, TVs, Microwaves, Semiconductor Lasers, Light Emitting Diodes, Photo Diodes for Fiber Optic Communication, Power Converters AC to DC

20. Electrical Engineering 20 Solid State Electronics Electronic systems are driven by semiconductor chips These chips perform analog and digital circuit functions Semiconductor chips contain semiconductor devices Semiconductor devices have to be: –Designed, fabricated, measured, modeled, sold, marketed Need to know: –Device physics –Fabrication techniques

21. Electrical Engineering 21 Semiconductor Industry What do engineers in the semiconductor industry do? Circuit design: design and lay out circuits to be manufactured Simulation/modeling: simulate semiconductor manufacturing, device, circuit, and systems behavior (simulation is faster and cheaper than manufacturing) Fabrication: fabricate these circuits, maintain yield Measurement/characterization: characterize the performance of the devices/circuits/chips Sales/marketing: sell and market devices, chips, systems, equipment, services

22. Electrical Engineering 22 Personal Systems Scaling Source: Texas Instruments Notebook Desktop Phone PDA Credit Card Watch Ring

23. Electrical Engineering 23 Communications Study of how human speech, music, text and image data can be encoded on electrical signals and trans- mitted via radio, cable, television, and optical fiber Signal Processing The manipulation of digital signals by computers to extract or encode useful information and to suppress noise and other distortion

24. Electrical Engineering 24 Communications Cellular Telephony Personal Communication Systems (PCS) Satellite telephone systems (Iridium) Global Positioning System Computer Networking Internet Intranets Telephone system Cable TV Satellite data networks Military communications

25. Electrical Engineering 25 Signal Processing High Definition Television (HDTV) Digital Radio Sound, Image, and Video compression Speech Recognition Image Recognition Noise Cancellation Military Applications: Radar, Sonar Autonomous Vehicles Communication Systems Special Purpose Computer Architectures

26. Electrical Engineering 26 Controls –Study of making complicated systems behave in a desirable manner Self-steering Cars, Auto Pilots in Aircraft –Robotics

27. Electrical Engineering 27 Controls Applications Acoustic - acoustic cancellation for a concert hall; intelligent hearing devices Aerospace - all-weather landing system; launch vehicles Automation and Manufacturing navigation for autonomous robot (e.g. pathfinder) Biological - cardiovascular control systems Defense - high performance fighters; tactical missiles; guidance and navigation; attack helicopters Electrical - diffusion furnaces; semiconductor processes; read/write head control for optical storage Mechanical - active suspension for mobile laboratory Materials - control of smart composite materials Medicine - telemedical robotic systems for precision surgery Ocean - submarine Space Based Surveillance - weather, surveillance, monitoring system; satellites Structural - active earthquake control for skyscrapers

28. Electrical Engineering 28 r eu didi dodo K P n y Controller Plant actual outputdesired output controlerror sensor noise disturbances Vehicle Cruise Control System Example P - Vehicle r - Reference (desired) speed y - Actual speed u - Fuel flow to engine K - Controller

29. Electrical Engineering 29 Electrical Engineering Radar, Antennas Control Systems Power Electronics Communications Computers Digital Signal Processing