1. Notes and Terms: The Protestant Reformation and Puritanism

2. Terms Sect (sectarian) Anglican Roman Catholic Indulgences Faith Works

3. Terms Salvation Lapsarian Jeremiad Separatist Covenant Charter Sanctification justification

4. Names Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII Elizabeth I Bradford Winthrop

5. Time Line Life of Christ Early Church 500 Dark Ages Middle Ages (Medieval) 1400 1492 Renaissance 1500 1517 1600 1620 1634 1680 1700 1776

6. Martin Luther German 1517 Member of Catholic Church Protested Indulgences 95 Theses Translated Bible Gutenberg Bible 100,000 copies in 40 years

7. Protestant Reformation Protest / Reform Reaction to perceived (and actual) corruption in Catholic Church Objections to Popish or authoritarian practices within church (hierarchy) Splinter groups (sects) Gave rise to Protestant denominations

8. A Central Protestant Argument: Faith vs. Works Faith = Individual Choice Works = duties performed for Church Emphasis on “belief” versus “ what you do” Complicated….

9. Luther: Argued for a more personal god distinct from the hierarchy of the Church. His arguments threatened the Papal (Pope) power.

10. Calvin: French Exiled to Switzerland Began Reformation in France Theological ideas with wide influence North American Puritans were Calvinists Sophisticated theology / system = dogma

11. Doctrines of Calvinism Depravity of Man (the Fall) Absolute Power of God’s will Superiority of Faith Salvation by Grace, and not works Divine Predestination – God specifies fate

12. Summary Statement: The Protestant Reformation and the settlement of New England Puritans is one key to understanding American literature. The new religious ideas had wide influence, and particularly in New England, where writers produced volumes of prose, diaries, poetry, sermons, and political rhetoric. They built colleges, formed school systems, and created a world view crucial to first generations of colonists and the first U.S. citizens. In particular, the Puritan mind gave colonists and their descendants a sense of destiny. They believed they were acting out the will of God, and this infused their culture with a unique sense of history.