1. The Value of Real Time Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling in Critical Care

2. Pharmacodynamic Modeling (V 1 ) Central Compartment (V 2 ) Rapid Peripheral Compartment (V 3 ) Slow Peripheral Compartment (V e ) Effect Site Infusion Pumps Bar-coded Bolus Syringes Pharmacokinetic Models Drug delivery devices

4. Syroid N, Anesth 2002;96:565-575

13. [remi] (ng/ml) [prop] (ug/ml) (a) [remi] (ng/ml) [prop] (ug/ml) (b) (c) [prop] (ug/ml) [remi] (ng/ml) [prop] (ug/ml) [remi] (ng/ml) (d)

14. Return of Responsiveness

16. Laryngoscopy Mertens and Kern

18. Effect Path

21. Figure 2 – Analgesia Level (Control) Analgesia Level (Display) Skin Incisions Artho-scopic Procedure Bankart Procedure Maintenance Phase Time (min). 0 10 20 Level of Pain/Analgesia

22. Experiment 1: Results Heart Rate *

23. Experiment 1: Results Blood Pressure *

24. * * * *

29. Anesthesia Advisory Display: Real time guidance through the pharmacokinetic and interaction pharmacodynamic relationship during simultaneous administration of multiple drugs. Schumacher, Bouillon, Leibundgut, Sartori, Zbinden, ASA 2004

33. Navigation Display: FlightSim.com