1. Introduction to Ocean Circulation - Geography 163 Wind-driven circulation of major gyres & surface currents Buoyancy-driven circulation linking the major gyres & the global conveyor belt Coastal circulations & land-ocean interactions Build from physical principles (w/out math)

2. Approach First principles do “work” Build descriptions from first principles Do not bludgeon students with calculus Work with available data sets

6. Why do we care? Climate –Global heat & water cycles –Weather & weather/climate prediction Global biogeography & biogeochemistry –Species ranges & adaptation to global change –Fossil fuel CO 2 sequestration Marine resources –Renewable (fisheries) –Non-renewable (oil, etc.)

7. Global Heat Transport How can it be constant?

8. Global Heat Transport

9. 10 15 W = 1 Petawatt

10. El Niño

13. Bigeography

14. Bigeographical Boundaries

15. Bigeography

16. CO 2 Sequestration It’s gotta go somewhere...

17. CO 2 Sequestration This is where.

18. Climate & Fish Pacific Decadal Oscillation Warm phase - southern Cool phase - northern We’re now in a cool phase…

19. Introduction to Ocean Circulation - Geography 163 Wind-driven circulation of major gyres & surface currents Buoyancy-driven circulation linking the major gyres & the global conveyor belt Coastal circulations & land-ocean interactions

20. Wind-Driven Gyres

21. Global Ocean Circulation

23. Global Wind Climate

24. Conveyor Belt

25. Net Air-Sea Heat Flux

26. Coastal Upwelling

28. July 1992 AVHRR Ch 4

29. Scales Ocean basins are wide & shallow –Typical scales are 10 4 km across and 5 km deep –“Spit on a basketball” Aspect ratio has important implications –Horizontal velocities are >> vertical velocities –Horizontal property changes are << vertical ones

30. Hyposgraphic Curve

31. Atlantic Temperature eWOCE gallery – www.ewoce.org

32. Atlantic Salinity

33. Atlantic Oxygen

34. Atlantic Phosphate

35. Summary Importance of large-scale ocean circulation –climate, biogeochemistry, marine resources Characteristic “Types” of Ocean Circulation –Patterns of circulation can be generalized for different regions –Suggests that dynamical processes are the same –Wind-driven, Buoyancy-driven & Coastal Scales - “spit on a basketball”