1. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 1 Topics in Digital Libraries Introduction – Perspectives on Management & Roles The Scholarly Communication Center and Digital Projects Digital Library Architecture Reusable Platforms

2. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 2  “... librarians must begin to design an imaginative, easily identifiable space in cyberspace as the centrality of the library as a physical phenomenon slowly fades.” (Martrell, 2000)

3. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 3 Perspectives on Digital Librarianship “Librarians could not have helped us.” (Marcum, 1998) “We’ve chosen to emphasize extrapolation rather than identify and understand emerging discontinuity” (Lynch, 1999) “…we can expect a further dissolution of the traditional structures of the library.” (Raschke, 1999) We have handled 23% fewer reference desk questions at RU Libraries in AY 96/97 than in AY 98/99. (Boyle, 1999)

4. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 4 Issues and Opportunities in the Emerging Digital Library Competition Technological Discontinuities Innovation

5. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 5 Innovation “... innovation is the process by which industry generates new and improved products and production processes. It includes activities ranging from the generation of an idea, research, development and commercialization to the diffusion throughout the economy of new and improved products, processes, and services.” (Zairi, 1992)

6. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 6 The Scholarly Communication Center (Rutgers University Libraries) Goals Allow scholars to apply state-of-the-art technology Teach and demonstrate the latest electronic tools Share the resources of the library More Importantly: An opportunity to experiment and innovate, rather than extrapolate.

7. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 7 SCC Project Types (http://www.scc.rutgers.edu) Bibliographic databases Digital libraries Directories E-journals Encyclopedias Instructional Numeric data Online surveys Research guides Web hosting

8. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 8 SCC Digital Library Projects (http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/) The NJ Environmental Digital Library (with NJ DEP) (http://njedl.rutgers.edu)http://njedl.rutgers.edu The Alcohol Studies Database (with Center for Alcohol Studies) (http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/alcohol_studies)http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/alcohol_studies Public Opinion Data (with Eagleton Institute) (http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/eagleton_tst) (requires password)http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/eagleton_tst The REALITI Project (http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/realiti)http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/realiti

9. HTML & script output Request to access Web Internet Internet Info. Server Web Server Cold Fusion/Verity Database Access Server (NT) MS Access Desktop WWW Browser Submit records and documents Search/Browse Ref. Database Retrieve document Reference Database (Metadata) Documents Digital Documents GIS/Numeric Databases Digital Project Architecture Print Documents Archival Storage

10. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 10 Digital Library Development Environments Computing and Network Hardware Hardware Operating System Web Server Database Management Middleware/Scripting Languages Application Servers

11. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 11 SCC Development Environment Computing and Network Hardware Hardware Operating System NT (W2000) Web Server IIS Database Management MS- Access Middleware/Scripting Languages ColdFusion/Verity Application Servers SPSS, ArcIMS

12. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 12 An “Open Source” Environment Computing and Network Hardware Hardware Operating System Linux/Unix Web Server Apache Database Management MySQL Middleware/Scripting Languages PHP/Tomcat (cocoon) Application Servers SPSS, ArcIMS ColdFusion/ Verity

13. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 13 Reusable Platforms Reuse can dramatically improve productivity and quality Reusable Platforms (RPs) – RP – a collection of software which can be used in many applications with little or no modification. – Examples can include complete system architectures, generic project structures, reusable objects, or code segments SCC Examples – An online survey platform (http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/platforms/surveyhttp://www.scc.rutgers.edu/platforms/survey – A digital library platform (based on the NJ Environmental Digital Library)

14. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 14 Stand-alone Tools Adobe tools Djvu plug-in and workgroup encoder LF Format Scanner, Printer HiRes digital camera Video digitizer See the SCC ColdFusion Tutorials: http://www.ceth.rutgers.edu/intromat/cfres/main.cfm http://sccweb.rutgers.edu/scchome/technical/tech_support.htm

15. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 15  An OAIS is an organization of people and systems that has accepted the responsibility to preserve information and make it available for a designated community. The information is deemed to need long term preservation. “Long term” is long enough to be concerned with the impact of changing technologies and with a changing user community. Overview of OAIS reference model at: http://ssdoo.gsfc.nasa.gov/nost/isoas/ Logical Model for a Digital Repository (Based on the Open Archival Information System Model)

16. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 16 The OAIS Functional Model Producer Ingest Data Management Access Archival Storage Preservation Planning Administration Management Consumer

17. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 17 An Open Systems Digital Repository Problem/Requirements – Lots of digital collections amassed with little integration – Need to scale to millions of objects – Flexibility to handle many digital formats – Ability to customize by adding special tools and services FEDORA – a possible solution – Flexible and Extensible Digital Object and Repository Architecture – Research by Cornell/CNRI (Corp. for National Research Initiatives) – Implementation by UVA METS – A major component of FEDORA – An XML standard for describing digital objects – Four parts: descriptive, administrative, file, and structural – At: www.loc.gov/standards/metswww.loc.gov/standards/mets

18. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 18 Digital Library Architecture Major Issues (both institutional and technological): Digital Archiving Metadata Open source and inter-operability Innovation and technology transfer

19. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 19 New Roles for the Librarian Software bibliographer/selector – Library applications for commercial software Digital projects librarian – Programming, databases, architecture, metadata, project management Digital preservation – Systems, digital formats, migration, library policies Electronic publishing (databases, journals, encyclopedias) – Markup languages, ocr, image technology,copyright Intranet librarian – Library organization, knowledge management, informal knowledge

20. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 20 References 1. Boyle, J. (1999). Annual Report, 1998/99. Public Services and Communications: Rutgers University Libraries. 2. Lynch, C. (1999). On the threshold of discontinuity: The new genres of scholarly communication and the role of the research library. In H. Thompson (Ed.), Racing Toward Tomorrow: Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, April 8 – 11, Detroit, Michigan. (pp. 410 – 418). Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. 3. Marcum, D. (November/December, 1998). Educating leaders for the digital library. Council on Library and Information Resources, (6), 1-4. 4. Martrell, C. (2000). The disembodied librarian in the digital age. College and Research Libraries, (61), (1), 10 – 28. 5. Raschke, C. (November/December, 1999). The age of transition and the scene of digital learning. Syllabus, 13, (4), 14 – 19. 6. Staples, Thornton, and Ross Wayland, "Virginia Dons Fedora: A prototype for a digital object repository," D-LIb Magazine, July 2000, http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july00/staples/07staples.html 7. Zander, E. (2000/June 7). Ahoy, Internet companies – huge icebergs ahead. USA today. p. 15A. 8. Zairi, M. (1992). Managing user-supplied interactions: Management of R&D activity. Management Decision, 30, (8), 49 - 57.

21. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 21 Exercise Many think of the library website as a digital library There are many different users of the library website – First 2 years, junior/senior, graduates – Faculty – Staff – Academic departments “One size” doesn’t fit all The “my-library” concept targets different user segments Exercise: design a my-library website for MLS students We’ll review your websites in the March 13 class

22. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 22

23. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 23 Directions for the Future Libraries  Access will become more important than ownership resulting in a proliferation of user interfaces. Technology Lower costs and improved capacity in bandwidth, storage, and processor speed will offer new opportunities for innovation. Innovation “.. librarians must begin to design an imaginative, easily identifiable space in cyberspace...”

24. Digital Libraries - R. Jantz, Feb. 27, 2002 24 Digital Library Tools Platforms Computing and Network Hardware Hardware Operating System NT or Linux/Unix Web Server IIS or Apache Database Management Access, MySql, Oracle, SQL Server Middleware/Scripting Languages ColdFusion, PHP, JSP, ASP Application Servers SPSS, XML, ArcIMS, Real Server