1. Presentation by m.c. schraefel and Alan Dix Producer: David De Roure Executive Producer: Jeremy Frey The smarttea cast (in alphabetical order): Gareth Hughes….the Scales, various apparati, Other Ontology Guy Hugo Mills…Ontology Guy m.c. schraefel…Narrator Graham Smith…The Chemist Early Tea Track rhythm guitar: Terry Payne Java Swing Bass: Alex Rogers Technical Consultants: Alan Dix and Luc Moreau Filmed Entirely on Location at the University of Southampton Making Tea with Chemists: Exploring Boundaries and Breaking Books A smarttea production No chemists were hurt in the making of this presentation Official web site: www.smarttea.org

2. Designing a digital lab book eScience context: rapid communication of and access to results in progress not just in pubs Bottleneck: wet lab records are paper based - difficult to access/share Goal: convert paper system into digtital one

3. Many Lab book Replacements have been tried. Many have failed or had limited take up How would we succeed?

4. Initial Approach Our own field studies - rapid ethnography, targeted interviews, observations Good for Context of work/artefact use

5. Preliminary Artefact Overview No dedicated location Data vulnerability Access limited Privileged IP * rigts Uniqueness Communal worth/private work Historical significance

6. Missing pieces We understood the artefact’s role. We had a strong sense of the environment We had a picture of why some of the book’s affordances were appropriate (and why some were not) We did not know how the chemists really engaged with the artifact in the process of an experiment

7. Problem: we aren’t chemists Designers do not need to be domain experts Much to be said about not being an expert - not missing the obvious - ability to get limnal. But this was too domain naïve So…

8. As an experiment We made tea

9. Why make tea: available approaches and problems in ucd Observation of an Experiment - even rapid Expert and artefact walk throughs Apprenticeship and Prototyping Cultural Probes Task Analysis Deconstruction/Reconstruction Other methods: assumption of Time and Expertise Chemistry experiments can take days, weeks, months, years. They require high domain knowledge They are fluid, loosely structured things

10. Breaking the book: Decon/Recon We wanted to design services to support the activities that took place in the lab - to leverage what is already done Thus, we questioned whether the UI needed to mimic paper we sought to create the affect of the paper experience Hand written coshh form Hand written lab book entries

11. What we needed A way to extend decon/recon for non- experts A way to compress time A faithful, not overly simplified process A way to engage the process A language we (chemists and designers) could all understand to interogate the process (the experiment) Enter Analogy

12. Making Tea: design elicitation through analogy Developed and validated the analogy with chemists Gave us a way to ask questions that would not otherwise have been possible Let us maximize observation Gave us repeatability Derived rudiments of a process model, too Provided lingua franca with chemists Provided a fun low risk environment that facilitated discussion among participants Making tea with kitchen tools Making tea with chemisty kit Tea gave us a way to understand not only the process but the experience of the process for our design.

13. Sample Questions from Tea Is that it? No really, that’s all you record? So, do you add the milk first, or the tea first? Tea 1Tea 2 Tea 2a Tea 1a Tea 1b

14. Positive experiences - affect to capture Casualness of entry, pictures and notes Low attention, but frequent focus Minimal description of activities High degree of multi-tasking (multiple experiments on the go, much flipping back and forth) Readily accessible; “safe”

15. Integration with other methods Task analysis of data entry interaction throughout experiment - caveats for loose variants - derived from mT Lo-fi Prototype designs Design review: We ran through our lo-fi prototypes with chemists by running the tea experiment They knew what was going on and could comment on veracity, features, process Initial ideas were good but the prototypes were too intrigued - did not reflect/support practice Design review was critical for reality checking; tea made that possible

16. Results In real use, chemists were able to record their experiments After about ten minutes of use, they forgot about it as a new thing, and just used it Making tea worked “I can go anywhere and its, like, this is me and my data. It’s all there! Bang!”

17. Spaghetti Tea: How does making tea work? Make this into several slides

20. More for alan Types of felicity Types of boundary interupts Types of disruptions Integration with not replacement of other methods (alan, these are notes for you)

21. It’s not about the bike book We didn’t set out to use a tablet We wanted to try really breaking the book, distributing the parts across the lab - that’s how it’s designed. All we could get was a tablet - which looks like a book - sort of. To paraphrase Lance Armstrong Aside

22. Generalizing: Making Analogies The analogy is key: it is developed within the expert and design community - common ground A domain expert participates Analogy foregrounds processes and interaction with artefacts Facilitates expert elicitation and design translation

23. Conclusion Making tea - design elicitation by analogy Gave us Time Process Interaction Maximized ethnography and enabled task analysis AND story telling to communicate the issues to another domain (recently, semantic web/grid modelling)

24. Pubs m.c. schraefel, Gareth Hughes, Hugo Mills, Graham Smith, Terry Payne, Jeremy Frey. Breaking the Book: Translating the Chemistry Lab Book to a Pervasive Computing Environment. Forthcoming, Conference on Human Factors (CHI), 2004. Preprint at http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00008641/ schraefel, m. c. and Dix, A. (2004) Within Bounds and Between Domains: Making Tea as neutral territory for design elicitation. Submitted to Proceedings of HCI 2004 Design for Life, Leeds, UK. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00008820/ schraefel, m. c., Hughes, G., Mills, H., Smith, G. and Frey, J. (2003) Making Tea: Iterative Design through Analogy. In Proceedings of Designing Interactive Systems, 2004 (forthcoming). http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00008672/ Jeremy G. Frey, David De Roure, m.c. schraefel, Hugo Mills, Hongchen Fu, Sam Peppe, Gareth Hughes, Graham Smith, Terry R. Payne. Context Slicing the Chemical Aether. First Workshop on Hypermedia and the Semantic Web, in conjunctions with Hypertext 2003. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/ m.c. schraefel, Leslie Carr, David De Roure, Wendy Hall. You’ve Got Hypertext. JoDI, forthcoming http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00008701/ http://www.smarttea.org

25. Thank you! Questions? Demo: coming into the Making a Cup of Tea with Milk and Sugar experiment