1. Vision An ideal state of what the group could be An ideal state of what the group could be Communicate vision with commitment and enthusiasm Communicate vision with commitment and enthusiasm All group members should share ONE vision All group members should share ONE vision

2. Distributed Actions Theory of Leadership Certain actions are necessary for effective group functioning Certain actions are necessary for effective group functioning Goal-oriented actions (Task) Goal-oriented actions (Task) Relationship-orientated actions (Maintenance) Relationship-orientated actions (Maintenance) Any group member may assume leadership at any time by taking action that facilitates goal accomplishment or maintains positive relationships Any group member may assume leadership at any time by taking action that facilitates goal accomplishment or maintains positive relationships

3. Distributed Actions Theory of Leadership Goal-oriented Actions (Task) Goal-oriented Actions (Task) Information and Opinion Giver Information and Opinion Giver Information and Opinion Seeker Information and Opinion Seeker Direction and Role Definer Direction and Role Definer Summarizer Summarizer Energizer Energizer Comprehension Checker Comprehension Checker

4. Distributed Actions Theory of Leadership Relationship-oriented Actions (Maintenance) Relationship-oriented Actions (Maintenance) Participation Encourager Participation Encourager Communication Facilitator Communication Facilitator Tension Reliever Tension Reliever Process Observer Process Observer Interpersonal Problem Solver Interpersonal Problem Solver Supporter and Praiser Supporter and Praiser

5. Distributed Actions Theory of Leadership Dysfunctional Behaviors Dysfunctional Behaviors Condescension Condescension Bullying Bullying Blocking Blocking Avoiding Avoiding Withdrawing Withdrawing Joking Joking Dominating Dominating Self-seeking Self-seeking

6. Distributed Actions Theory of Leadership Handling dysfunctional behavior Handling dysfunctional behavior Provide individual counseling Provide individual counseling Confront the individual Confront the individual Ask member to leave Ask member to leave

7. Distributed Actions Theory of Leadership Competencies needed to be effective leader Competencies needed to be effective leader Awareness (Diagnosis) Awareness (Diagnosis) Behavioral Flexibility Behavioral Flexibility Behavioral Competence Behavioral Competence

8. Distributed Actions Theory of Leadership Importance of distributing leadership Importance of distributing leadership Full utilization of all members talents Full utilization of all members talents Increased group commitment Increased group commitment Increased group cohesion (through equal participation) Increased group cohesion (through equal participation)