1. Development of Continental Drift Frank Taylor (1910) Alfred Wegener (1912) Die Entstehung Der Kontinente Und Ozeane

2. Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Evidence of Plate Tectonics Earth’s Structure Plate Boundaries Hot Spots

3. The Permian Ice Age Problem

4. Frank Taylor Recognized role of Mid- Atlantic Ridge Never reconstructed the continents like Wegener did

5. Confirmation of Continental Drift World War II technology International Geophysical Year (IGY) 1957-58 Worldwide Standardized Seismic Network 1963-

6. The Geomagnetic Reversal Time Scale-Do Compass and Magnet Experiment

7. Discovery of Sea-Floor Spreading

8. Sea-Floor Spreading

9. Where Does Ocean Crust Go? Hugo Benioff, 1954

10. Benioff’s Interpretation

11. Benioff’s Interpretation Updated

12. Worldwide Standardized Seismic Network

13. The Plate Tectonics Model

15. The Earth’s Plates

16. Global Plate Motions

17. What Drives It: Convection

18. How Plates Move

19. Reconstructing Plate Movements

20. Fit of Continents Across the Atlantic

21. Present Day Atlantic

22. Atlantic 65 m.y. ago

23. Geology of Plate Margins

24. Ophiolites: Oceanic Crust

25. Plate Boundaries Divergent –Can create volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountains –Examples: Mid-Atlantic ridge, East Pacific Rise Convergent –Can create volcanoes (continental and island arc), earthquakes, and mountains –Examples: Juan De Fuca Plate and North America Plate Transform –Can create strong shallow earthquakes and folded mountains –Examples: San Andreas Fault

26. Anatomy of a Mid-Ocean Ridge

27. A Subduction Zone

28. Why Mountains are High

29. Where the Plates Meet

30. Terrane Accretion

31. Terranes in Western North America

32. Plate Boundaries and Earthquakes

33. Hot Spots

34. Hot Spots: Hawaii

35. Pacific Hot Spot Tracks