1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbiology B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION TORTORA FUNKE CASE Chapter 24, part C Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Mycoplasmal Pneumonia Figure 24.14 Mycoplasma pneumoniae: pleomorphic, wall- less bacteria Also called primary atypical pneumonia and walking pneumonia Common in children and young adults Diagnosis by PCR or by IgM antibodies

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Mycoplasmal Pneumonia Figure 11.19a, b

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Legionella pneumophila: Gram-negative rod L. pneumophila is found in water Transmitted by inhaling aerosols, not transmitted from human to human Diagnosis: culturing bacteria Treatment: Erythromycin Legionellosis

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chlamydia psittaci: gram-negative intracellular bacterium Transmitted by elementary bodies from bird dropping to humans Reorganizes into reticulate body after being phagocytized Diagnosis: culturing bacteria in eggs or cell culture Treatment: Tetracycline Psittacosis (Ornithosis)

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chlamydia pneumoniae Transmitted from human to human Diagnosis by FA test Treatment: Tetracycline Chlamydial Pneumonia

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Q fever Mycoplasma pneumoniae: pleomorphic, wall-less bacteria Also called primary atypical pneumonia and walking pneumonia Common in children and young adults Diagnosis by PCR or by IgM antibodies

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Q fever Figure 24.15

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Viral pneumonia as a complication of influenza, measles, chickenpox Viral etiology suspected if no cause determined Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Common in infants; 4500 deaths annually Causes cell fusion (syncytium) in cell culture Symptoms: coughing Diagnosis by serologic test for viruses and antibodies Treatment: Ribavirin Viral Pneumonia

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chills, fever, headache, muscle aches (no intestinal symptoms) 1% mortality due to secondary bacterial infections Treatment: Amantadine Vaccine for high-risk individuals Influenza

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hemagglutinin (H) spikes used for attachment to host cells Neuraminidase (N) spikes used to release virus from cell Influenza

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Influenza Figure 24.16

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Antigenic shift Changes in H and N spikes Probably due to genetic recombination between different strains infecting the same cell Antigenic drift Mutations in genes encoding H or N spikes May involve only 1 amino acid Allows virus to avoid mucosal IgA antibodies Influenza

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A: causes most epidemics, H 3 N 2, H 1 N 1, H 2 N 2 B: moderate, local outbreaks C: mild disease Influenza serotypes

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Histoplasmosis Figure 24.17 Histoplasma capsulatum, dimorphic fungus (a) 37˚(a) >35˚

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Histoplasmosis Figure 24.18 Transmitted by airborne conidia from soil Diagnosis by culturing fungus Treatment: amphotericin B

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Coccidioidomycosis Figure 24.19 Coccidioides immitis

18. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Coccidioidomycosis Figure 24.20 Transmitted by airborne arthrospores Diagnosis by serological tests or DNA probe Treatment: amphotericin B

19. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pneumocystis Pneumonia Figure 24.22 Pneumocystis jiroveci (P. carinii) found in healthy human lungs Pneumonia occurs in newly infected infants & immunosuppressed individuals Treatment: Timethoprim- sulfamethoxazole

20. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pneumocystis Figure 24.21 The mature cyst contains 8 intracystic bodies. The cyst ruptures, releasing the bodies. The bodies develop into trophozoites. 1 2 3 The trophozoites divide. 4 Each trophozoite develops into a mature cyst. 5 Cyst Intracystic bodies Trophozoite

21. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blastomyces dermatitidis, dimorphic fungus Found in soil Can cause extensive tissue destruction Treatment: amphotericin B Blastomycosis

22. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Aspergillus Rhizopus Mucor Opportunistic fungi involved in respiratory disease: Mucor rouxii Figure 12.2b, 12.4