1. 1 Intellectual Property Includes the results of intellectual activities in the arts, sciences, and industry Includes the results of intellectual activities in the arts, sciences, and industry The expression of intellectual property can be copyrighted. The expression of intellectual property can be copyrighted. –Includes books, songs, movies, plays, AND software

2. 2 Copyright law Based on respect for intellectual labour and creativity Based on respect for intellectual labour and creativity –Give rights to creators –Reward creator –Encourage innovation

3. 3 Canadian Copyright Act Bill C-60 and amendments Bill C-60 and amendments Includes rights Includes rights –To acknowledgement –Of control over the form, manner and terms of publication and distribution

4. 4 Software How does the copyright law relate to software? How does the copyright law relate to software? –illegal to copy the copyrighted software unless authorized by the author or publisher –no notice is required –international

5. 5 Software May I share it with others? May I share it with others? –Ownership gives permission (license) to use it on one computer

6. 6 Software Can I make a copy to use both at home and at work? Can I make a copy to use both at home and at work? –copyright act permits you to make one copy to adapt to your computer to adapt to your computer for backup (must destroy this if you sell the software) for backup (must destroy this if you sell the software)

7. 7 Software What if the purpose of copying is purely educational? What if the purpose of copying is purely educational? –No –U of C has an agreement with most publishers to copy small portions of printed work

8. 8 Software What about the World Wide Web? What about the World Wide Web? –the Web is a publishing medium –copyright belongs to the creator –must get permission to use it text, graphics, software, video, audio, animation, … text, graphics, software, video, audio, animation, …

9. 9 Software Piracy Software Piracy = illegal duplication of copyrighted software Software Piracy = illegal duplication of copyrighted software  Software industry is a $50 billion a year sector  Billions of dollars are lost each year to software pirates  One-third of all software is illegally copied

10. 10 Classes of Software by License 1. Commercial copyrighted: read the licensecopyrighted: read the license sold as individual copy or as a site- licensesold as individual copy or as a site- license 2. Shareware try first, then paytry first, then pay 3. Open-source in the public domainin the public domain others are free to use itothers are free to use it

11. 11 Open-source For example, For example, the Free Software Foundation the Free Software FoundationFree Software FoundationFree Software Foundation Free software is a matter of liberty not price. You should think of "free" as in "free speech". Free software is a matter of liberty not price. You should think of "free" as in "free speech".

12. 12 Open-source the GNU Project GNU ProjectGNU Project “protect and promote the freedom to use, study, copy, modify, and redistribute computer software” “protect and promote the freedom to use, study, copy, modify, and redistribute computer software”

13. 13 Creative Commons Some Rights Reserved Some Rights Reserved Creative Commons Website Creative Commons Website Creative Commons Website Creative Commons Website An Example license An Example license An Example license An Example license

14. 14 Canadian Copyright Reform 2005 1996 World Intellectual Property Organization (the “WIPO Treaties”). 1996 World Intellectual Property Organization (the “WIPO Treaties”). Internet and digital technology Internet and digital technology –Rights holders will have an exclusive right to control the making available of copyright materials on the Internet. –This will clarify that the unauthorized posting or the peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing of material on the Internet constitutes an infringement of copyright

15. 15 Canadian Laws ISPs will be exempt from liability for copyrighted material circulating on their networks over which they have no control or authority, ISPs will be exempt from liability for copyrighted material circulating on their networks over which they have no control or authority, –i.e., when they act purely as intermediaries. Copyright liability will remain with those persons, including ISPs, who post or transmit copyrighted material without authorization. Copyright Reform 2005 Copyright Reform 2005 Copyright Reform 2005 Copyright Reform 2005

16. 16 Music Peer to peer file sharing Peer to peer file sharing Digital music sales Digital music sales –tripled in a year –~$0.8 billion (6% of industry) Physical format sales $12.4 billion Physical format sales $12.4 billion

17. 17 Books – digitized on Web Microsoft agreement with British Library Microsoft agreement with British Library –books and documents for free Google Books Google Books –scanning from university libraries –being sued by AAP Amazon.com pay to view Amazon.com pay to view

18. 18 Michael Geist Website Website Website Access 2005 presentation Access 2005 presentation Access 2005 presentation Access 2005 presentation