1. META-DESIGN End users creating contents Team members: ALI HASSANI JAVIER VELEZ

2. Acknowledgements Thanks to Professor GERHARD FISCHER and HAL EDEN for teaching this class. Thanks to Professor GERHARD FISCHER and HAL EDEN for teaching this class. Thanks to the professors that came and did guest lectures. Thanks to the professors that came and did guest lectures. Thanks to the DLC and ITLL facilities. Thanks to the DLC and ITLL facilities.

3. Introduction Meta-design could be considered one of the most important concepts in software engineering. Meta-design could be considered one of the most important concepts in software engineering. Our environment is more and more configurable. Our environment is more and more configurable. The methods that are used for the configuration are more and more common. The methods that are used for the configuration are more and more common.

4. What is Meta-design Meta-design is a concept that allows users to be part of the design of any system. Meta-design is a concept that allows users to be part of the design of any system. In Meta-Design, configurations and techniques have the role for creating new tools to End- Users to be co-designers. In Meta-Design, configurations and techniques have the role for creating new tools to End- Users to be co-designers. Meta-design guarantees that users have the system that they have expecting because they were part of its design. Meta-design guarantees that users have the system that they have expecting because they were part of its design.

5. A look at design Typically, the design process is divided into two main phases: Typically, the design process is divided into two main phases: Design phase: The phase were the system is designed and planned. Design phase: The phase were the system is designed and planned. Use Use phase: The phase when the users use the system they are given.

6. A look at design When a product is built, the only phase were to make corrections and revisions is the design phase. When a product is built, the only phase were to make corrections and revisions is the design phase. If changes are not made at the design phase, the product would be very costly to modify in case if end-users do not like it. If changes are not made at the design phase, the product would be very costly to modify in case if end-users do not like it. This puts both designer and stakeholders at risk. This puts both designer and stakeholders at risk.

7. Design with Meta-design In a design process using Meta-design, an intermediate phase is added: Under-design. In a design process using Meta-design, an intermediate phase is added: Under-design. Under-design is the phase through which end- users participate into the design process. Under-design is the phase through which end- users participate into the design process. In Under-design, developers design tools to interact with users in a beneficial manner. In Under-design, developers design tools to interact with users in a beneficial manner. The Under-design allows users to be co- designers and guarantees users satisfaction. The Under-design allows users to be co- designers and guarantees users satisfaction.

8. Another look at EDC EDC is a collaboration system that allows citizens of a neighborhood to construct a bus line passing by their neighborhood. EDC is a collaboration system that allows citizens of a neighborhood to construct a bus line passing by their neighborhood. It provides to the end-user a technical tool ( a configuration board and 3D objects) It provides to the end-user a technical tool ( a configuration board and 3D objects) This allows end users to manipulate where the bus stop should be and where the bus line’s trajectory should be. This allows end users to manipulate where the bus stop should be and where the bus line’s trajectory should be.

9. Meta-design in EDC EDC assures that a bus line that passes by neighborhoods satisfies all the criteria that citizens have set. EDC assures that a bus line that passes by neighborhoods satisfies all the criteria that citizens have set. The collaboration of every citizen in the design has made it possible to construct a bus line. The collaboration of every citizen in the design has made it possible to construct a bus line. Therefore the Under-design phase helped a project like this bus line to have a better design of what citizens want. Therefore the Under-design phase helped a project like this bus line to have a better design of what citizens want.

10. Another look at CLEVER The CLEVER project consists of helping people with cognitive disabilities to use public transportation properly. The CLEVER project consists of helping people with cognitive disabilities to use public transportation properly. It provides a bridge between the person and his/her care givers. It provides a bridge between the person and his/her care givers. It features a tracking system to locate the person at all times and guide them to find the right way. It features a tracking system to locate the person at all times and guide them to find the right way.

11. Meta-Design in CLEVER CLEVER would not be built unless there is a major contribution from the disabled person and his/her care giver. CLEVER would not be built unless there is a major contribution from the disabled person and his/her care giver. Every person has a different way to communicate with their family member, therefore there is need for everyone’s contribution in the project. Every person has a different way to communicate with their family member, therefore there is need for everyone’s contribution in the project.

12. Open source: UNIX Open source is a concept that allows all kinds of users to access the code, and make changes to it. Open source is a concept that allows all kinds of users to access the code, and make changes to it. UNIX is an example of an open source system. UNIX is an example of an open source system. UNIX is one of the oldest operating systems. UNIX is one of the oldest operating systems. It is considered by many people the most robust of all of the operating systems in the world. It is considered by many people the most robust of all of the operating systems in the world.

13. Advantages of UNIX UNIX is multitasking; therefore, multiple programs can run at one time. UNIX is multitasking; therefore, multiple programs can run at one time. UNIX is multi-user, allowing more than a single user to work at any given time. UNIX is multi-user, allowing more than a single user to work at any given time. UNIX is safe; preventing one program from accessing memory or storage space allocated to another, and enables protection, requiring users to have permission to perform certain functions, i.e. accessing a directory, file, or disk drive. UNIX is safe; preventing one program from accessing memory or storage space allocated to another, and enables protection, requiring users to have permission to perform certain functions, i.e. accessing a directory, file, or disk drive. UNIX is more flexible and can be installed on many different types of machines. UNIX is more flexible and can be installed on many different types of machines. UNIX is more stable. UNIX is more stable. Finally, UNIX has greater built in security and permissions. Finally, UNIX has greater built in security and permissions.

14. Meta-design in UNIX Unix under-design part consists of the fact that its designer made its code available to everybody. Unix under-design part consists of the fact that its designer made its code available to everybody. One of the reasons why the UNIX operating system is consistent is because of the continuous input and changes from its users. One of the reasons why the UNIX operating system is consistent is because of the continuous input and changes from its users. Users in UNIX create their own content, and that’s what makes this system fit most of its users needs. Users in UNIX create their own content, and that’s what makes this system fit most of its users needs.

15. Motivation of users End-users are not always motivated to be co- designers. End-users are not always motivated to be co- designers. Most end-users are happy with the way the system works. Most end-users are happy with the way the system works. There is not enough effort from the developers in including end-users in the design process. There is not enough effort from the developers in including end-users in the design process.

16. Involving end-users in design Involve meta-design techniques in engineering classes and include research projects into students’ curriculums. Involve meta-design techniques in engineering classes and include research projects into students’ curriculums. Adopt the technique of Role playing which is an easy, fun activity that turns out to be educational. Adopt the technique of Role playing which is an easy, fun activity that turns out to be educational.

17. Questions?

18. Thank you